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Mallory
MalwareUsed by 1 actor

VAX One

VAX One is a backdoor used by the Iran-aligned MuddyWater cyberespionage group, also tracked as Mango Sandstorm and TA450, which has been linked in reporting to Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and National Security (MOIS). In the referenced activity, MuddyWater targeted organizations primarily in Israel, with at least one confirmed target in Egypt, including victims in the technology, engineering, manufacturing, local government, and education sectors. VAX One was deployed as part of this campaign alongside other custom tooling and credential theft components. The malware is specifically described as impersonating legitimate software and services, including Veeam, AnyDesk, Xerox, and the OneDrive updater service, indicating a masquerading strategy for evasion and plausibility. The provided content does not describe VAX One’s detailed command set or infection chain beyond its use by MuddyWater and its impersonation themes.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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MuddyWater

Among the tools deployed by MuddyWater operators is also the VAX One backdoor, named after the legitimate software which it impersonates: Veeam, AnyDesk, Xerox, and the OneDrive updater service.

via eseteset.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

3 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

1 technique
T1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentEvidence1

“initial access is typically achieved through spearphishing emails, often containing PDF attachments that link to installers for remote monitoring and management (RMM) software hosted on free file-sharing platforms such as OneHub, Egnyte, or Mega.”

Stealth

1 technique
T1036MasqueradingEvidence1

“Fooder, a custom loader that masquerades as the classic Snake game… VAX One backdoor… impersonates: Veeam, AnyDesk, Xerox, and the OneDrive updater service.”

Command and Control

1 technique
T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence1

“PDF attachments that link to installers for remote monitoring and management (RMM) software hosted on free file-sharing platforms such as OneHub, Egnyte, or Mega.”

What this page doesn’t show

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IOC matching

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Threat actor attribution1

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping3

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.