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MalwareRansomwareExploits 1 CVE

RelayKing

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EXPLOITED CVES

Vulnerabilities exploited

1 CVE Mallory has correlated with this family across public research and vendor advisories. Each row links to the full Mallory page for that vulnerability.

1 CVES
CVE-2025-33073Windows SMB Client Privilege Escalation via Authentication Reflection/RelayExploited in the wild

CVE-2025–33073 — an NTLM relay vulnerability operationalised through a tool called RelayKing, which automates domain-wide NTLM relay reconnaissance and credential capture post-foothold.

via osint team blogosintteam.blog
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

3 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

1 technique
T1190Exploit Public-Facing ApplicationEvidence1

Their main focus is on exposed edge devices such as Fortinet FortiGate VPN appliances and Cisco systems... Once they find a vulnerable or misconfigured device, they use it as a gateway inside... Three vulnerabilities they actively track include CVE-2024-55591... CVE-2025-32433... and CVE-2025-33073...

T1557.001LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB RelayEvidence2

T1557.001 — NTLM Relay: CVE-2025–33073, operationalised via RelayKing for domain-wide reconnaissance

Discovery

1 technique
T1046Network Service DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

One key operator known as qbit was specifically observed scanning for Fortinet VPNs and running NTLM relay checks using a tool called RelayKing.

Collection

1 technique
T1557.001LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB RelayEvidence2

T1557.001 — NTLM Relay: CVE-2025–33073, operationalised via RelayKing for domain-wide reconnaissance

What this page doesn’t show

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This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets match these IOCs, which detections are missing, which campaigns to expect next, and what to do in the next 30 minutes.
IOC matching

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Threat actor attribution

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities1

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping3

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.