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Mallory
Critical

Adobe ColdFusion WDDX deserialization leading to RCE

IdentifiersCVE-2023-44353CWE-502· Deserialization of Untrusted Data

CVE-2023-44353 affects Adobe ColdFusion 2023 Update 5 and earlier and ColdFusion 2021 Update 11 and earlier. It is a deserialization of untrusted data issue in ColdFusion's WDDX handling and is described as an incomplete mitigation of prior WDDX deserialization flaws. Research indicates Adobe's deny-list-based serialfilter.txt controls left additional reachable classes and methods available for abuse. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send crafted requests to exposed ColdFusion endpoints such as /CFIDE/wizards/common/utils.cfc?method=wizardHash with malicious WDDX input to invoke gadget-like behaviors through public zero-argument constructors and public non-static setter methods that accept one argument. Reported reachable methods include coldfusion.tagext.net.LdapTag.setClientCert, coldfusion.tagext.io.cache.CacheTag.setDirectory, and coldfusion.centralconfig.client.CentralConfigClientUtil.setClusterName/setEnv. Adobe's advisory states the vulnerability could result in arbitrary code execution without user interaction. Supporting research also demonstrated related impacts including file and directory existence probing, outbound HTTP/HTTPS HEAD and anonymous FTP requests, JAR/ZIP path enumeration, SMB authentication coercion, and unauthorized modification of Central Config Server settings.

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Impact, mitigation & remediation

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Impact

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Successful exploitation can provide unauthenticated remote attackers with arbitrary code execution on the ColdFusion server according to Adobe. Supporting research also shows secondary impacts short of full RCE, including unauthenticated file and directory existence disclosure, forced outbound network connections, leakage of the ColdFusion service account Net-NTLMv2/NTLM hash via attacker-controlled UNC/SMB paths when the service is not running as SYSTEM, and unauthorized modification of Central Config Server cluster name and environment values in ccs.properties. In practice this can enable host reconnaissance, credential theft, configuration tampering, and potentially full server compromise.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

If immediate patching is not possible, restrict or disable external access to exposed ColdFusion administrative and CFIDE-related endpoints, especially publicly reachable CFC/CFM endpoints involved in WDDX processing. Limit network egress from the ColdFusion host to prevent LDAP, SMB, HTTP/HTTPS, and FTP callback abuse. Monitor for suspicious requests to /CFIDE/wizards/common/utils.cfc?method=wizardHash and for anomalous outbound connections, especially LDAP, SMB, Interactsh/OAST domains, and unexpected HEAD/FTP traffic. Run the ColdFusion service with the least privilege possible and harden authentication exposure, though note that running under a dedicated account may still permit hash leakage if unpatched. Apply Adobe lockdown guidance and JEE serialFilter mitigations where applicable.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Upgrade Adobe ColdFusion 2023 to Update 6 or later and ColdFusion 2021 to Update 12 or later, per Adobe APSB23-52. Also update the JDK/JRE to the latest supported version. Apply Adobe's recommended security configurations and lockdown guidance. For JEE deployments, set the recommended JVM serialFilter flags to reduce deserialization exposure. Where possible, replace deny-list-based deserialization controls with stricter allow-listing and review exposed WDDX-capable endpoints and CFIDE components.
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AdobeColdfusionapplication

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