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Mallory
High

Authentication bypass in Cisco IOS and IOS XE TACACS+ implementation

IdentifiersCVE-2025-20160CWE-306

A vulnerability in the TACACS+ protocol implementation in Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to view sensitive data or bypass authentication. The flaw exists because the device does not properly verify that the required TACACS+ shared secret is configured for TACACS+ communications. If the shared secret is absent, a machine-in-the-middle attacker can intercept TACACS+ traffic and read messages that are effectively unprotected, or impersonate the TACACS+ server and falsely approve arbitrary authentication requests. Successful exploitation can expose sensitive information contained in TACACS+ exchanges and permit unauthorized access to the affected device.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

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Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation may allow an attacker to disclose sensitive TACACS+ message contents and bypass authentication controls on the affected Cisco device. In practice, this can enable unauthorized administrative access where TACACS+ is relied upon for authentication, particularly if an attacker can position themselves in the network path or spoof the TACACS+ server.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

Ensure that every TACACS+ server configured on the device has a TACACS+ shared secret configured. This is the vendor-provided workaround and should be validated in the target environment before deployment. Limiting opportunities for machine-in-the-middle interception on management networks also reduces exposure, but the primary mitigation provided in the source is correct TACACS+ shared-secret configuration.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Upgrade Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS XE Software to a fixed release identified by Cisco. Cisco recommends using the Cisco Software Checker and the vendor advisory to determine the appropriate remediated version for the affected platform and release train.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

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VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

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Threat actor evidence

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Associated malware

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Detection signatures

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Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity4

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