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HighCISA KEVExploited in the wildPublic exploit

Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver Elevation of Privilege

IdentifiersCVE-2023-36036CWE-787· Out-of-bounds Write

CVE-2023-36036 is an elevation-of-privilege vulnerability in the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (cldflt.sys). Microsoft describes it as a Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver EoP flaw and reported it as actively exploited in the wild in November 2023. Supporting content ties this bug family to the cldflt.sys function HsmpRpiDecompressBuffer, the same function previously analyzed in detail for CVE-2021-31969. The available analysis indicates the CVE-2023-36036 patch added an upper bound check limiting the cstmDataSize field to 0x4000, implying the vulnerable path previously allowed an unchecked or insufficiently bounded size during decompression or buffer handling. Based on the provided context, exploitation involves crafted Cloud Files/reparse-related input reaching HsmpRpiDecompressBuffer and causing an out-of-bounds memory operation in kernel context, leading to local privilege escalation.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation allows a local attacker to elevate privileges to SYSTEM. Microsoft and the supporting reporting explicitly state that CVE-2023-36036 could be used to gain SYSTEM privileges, and it was observed exploited in the wild as a zero-day. Because the flaw is in a kernel-mode Windows driver, compromise of the vulnerable path can enable full takeover of the affected host, including disabling defenses, credential theft, persistence, and use as a post-compromise privilege-escalation step after initial access.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

If immediate patching is not possible, reduce exposure by limiting local code execution opportunities for untrusted users and malware, since this is a local privilege-escalation issue. Monitor for suspicious abuse of cldflt.sys/Cloud Files functionality, unusual reparse-point activity, and post-exploitation chains involving known malware families reported to use this CVE, including Interlock and ModeloRAT operators. Standard hardening measures such as application control, least privilege, and rapid containment of initial access malware can reduce the chance of this vulnerability being used in a full intrusion chain. Specific vendor-provided workaround details are not available in the provided content.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply Microsoft's November 2023 security update for CVE-2023-36036. The provided content indicates the patch modifies the vulnerable logic in HsmpRpiDecompressBuffer by constraining cstmDataSize to a maximum of 0x4000. Organizations should ensure affected Windows systems are updated to the patched build levels released in November 2023 and verify that the update has been successfully deployed across endpoints and servers using the Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.

VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 1507operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 1607operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 1809operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 21h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 22h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 21h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 22h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 23h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2008operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2008 R2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2008 Sp2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2012operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2012 R2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2016operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2019operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2022operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 23h2operating_system

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

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Exposure mapping

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Threat actor evidence1

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware3

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures2

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity2

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.