Apache Camel non-HTTP HeaderFilterStrategy case-variant header injection
CVE-2026-40453 is an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-27636 in Apache Camel. The prior fix added setLowerCase(true) to HttpHeaderFilterStrategy so case-variant internal header names would be normalized before filtering, but the same protection was not applied to five non-HTTP HeaderFilterStrategy implementations: JmsHeaderFilterStrategy and ClassicJmsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-jms, SjmsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-sjms, CoAPHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-coap, and GooglePubsubHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-google-pubsub. These strategies perform case-sensitive String.startsWith("Camel") / String.startsWith("camel") checks, while Camel Exchange stores headers in a case-insensitive map. As a result, an attacker can supply case-variant internal Camel headers such as CAmelExecCommandExecutable that bypass filtering but are later resolved by downstream components using canonical casing. On affected routes, this allows injection of internal Camel control headers into header-driven components such as camel-exec and camel-file. The issue affects Apache Camel from 3.0.0 before 4.14.6, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.2, and from 4.19.0 before 4.20.0.
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