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RansomEXX is a financially motivated ransomware operation also known as Defray and Defray777. It emerged under its earlier identity in 2018 and rebranded as RansomEXX in June 2020, increasingly focusing on large corporate and public-sector organizations. Its victims span government, technology, manufacturing, telecommunications, healthcare, transportation, and financial-services environments across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Notable victims include Brazil's government networks, the Texas Department of Transportation, Ecuador's state telecommunications provider CNT, Peru's Ministry of Defense, Kenya Airways, Ferrari, Konica Minolta, and Tyler Technologies. An attack against India's Brontoo Technology Solutions disrupted banking and payment services through a critical supplier relationship. RansomEXX conducts double extortion, stealing sensitive information before encrypting systems and threatening publication through its data-leak site. Operators obtain access through stolen or purchased credentials, phishing, brute-forced RDP services, and exploitation of vulnerable internet-facing applications and remote-access infrastructure. The operation has been linked to exploitation of SAP NetWeaver vulnerability CVE-2025-31324. Intrusions involve credential theft, privilege escalation, network discovery, lateral movement, and deployment of ransomware after obtaining administrative control. Cobalt Strike, Mimikatz, and legitimate administrative tools support these activities; Pyxie RAT infections have also preceded Defray777/RansomEXX deployments. The operation collaborates with affiliates and access brokers, with Bassterlord among its documented partners. RansomEXX maintains Windows and Linux encryptors, including tooling used against VMware ESXi infrastructure and virtual-machine storage. Its ransomware development has included a transition from C++ to Rust. A flaw in its Linux encryptor's file-locking behavior can corrupt files when other processes write during encryption, causing attacker-provided decryption tools to fail even after payment. Its extortion model combines operational disruption, stolen-data leverage, and ransom negotiations tailored to victims.
Who, where, and from where this actor operates. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
53 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt.
5 malware families Mallory has associated with this actor across public reporting.
3 CVEs Mallory has associated with this actor across public reporting. 3 of them are exploited in the wild (not necessarily by this actor).
31 indicators attributed to this actor. Values are masked here and available in full in Mallory.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.