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Earth Baxia is a China-linked threat actor associated with cyber-espionage operations in the Asia-Pacific region and with later activity overlapping targeted ransomware deployment. The group has been reported targeting government organizations in Taiwan and other APAC countries, as well as telecommunications and energy entities in countries including South Korea, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Additional reporting also cites targeting of military and public-sector organizations, including public-sector and aviation victims in the Middle East in activity involving the Charon ransomware family, although direct attribution of that ransomware operation to Earth Baxia is not definitive. Earth Baxia has used spear-phishing and exploitation of GeoServer vulnerabilities, including CVE-2024-36401, for initial access. Observed intrusion chains include delivery of customized Cobalt Strike payloads and deployment of the EAGLEDOOR backdoor. EAGLEDOOR supports multiple command-and-control and exfiltration channels, including DNS, HTTP, TCP, and Telegram. The actor has also used public cloud services to host malicious payloads, decoy documents in phishing lures, GrimResource-style delivery, .NET AppDomainManager hijacking, DLL sideloading, process injection, and in-memory execution techniques to evade detection and maintain access. Associated malware and tooling reported in connection with Earth Baxia activity include EAGLEDOOR, SWORDLDR, DULLDOWN, RIPCOY, and customized Cobalt Strike components. Earth Baxia has been linked to campaigns involving credential harvesting, information gathering, lateral movement, and data exfiltration. Reporting also notes overlap between Earth Baxia tradecraft and the Charon ransomware intrusion chain, which used DLL sideloading, shellcode staging, and process hollowing to deploy ransomware against selected victims. Charon operations included encryption, anti-recovery actions, and ransom-note deployment, but available reporting stops short of high-confidence attribution of the ransomware activity directly to Earth Baxia. Some reporting describes Earth Baxia as overlapping with or being tracked alongside APT41, Wicked Panda, and Grass Typhoon. However, low-confidence overlaps have also been noted between Earth Baxia and temporary clusters such as SHADOW-EARTH-045, and those links should be treated cautiously.
Mallory correlates actor tradecraft and target patterns against your stack, your sector, and your geography. See overlap before they land.
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
28 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
5 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
2 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 2 of them exploited in the wild.
Delivered scripts observed include CVE-2020-16040 exploitation for Chrome, social engineering pop-ups, Electron JS backdoor delivery, and TCP reverse shell establishment.
Earth Baxia, a threat actor suspected to originate from China, has been targeting government organizations in Taiwan and other Asia-Pacific (APAC) countries, using spear-phishing emails and exploiting a vulnerability in GeoServer (CVE-2024-36401), a remote code execution (RCE) exploit. This exploit allowed the attackers to download or copy malicious components, which were then used to deploy customized Cobalt Strike payloads.
17 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
17 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Referenced as a low-confidence attribution candidate for SHADOW-EARTH-045 based on infrastructure overlap involving an IP address used during the campaign.
China-aligned activity cluster referenced as overlapping with campaigns using the PeckBirdy JScript-based C2 framework; described in the context of Asia-focused intrusions (financially motivated web injection and espionage-oriented targeting).
Potentially linked (low confidence) to SHADOW-EARTH-045 activity involving credential-harvesting via injected login pages and delivery/execution of PeckBirdy.
Possible (weakly evidenced) linkage to infrastructure used in the Shadow-Earth-045 campaign targeting Asian government entities via web injection and PeckBirdy delivery for credential harvesting and remote access.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.