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Moses Staff is an alleged Iranian threat actor, also tracked as DEV-0500, DEV-500, Marigold Sandstorm, MosesStaff, and Vengeful Kitten. The content states the group was first identified on underground forums in September 2021 and primarily targets Israeli companies by stealing and publishing sensitive data, with additional targeting reported in Italy, India, Germany, Chile, Turkey, the UAE, and the United States. One cited assessment says the group’s main activity is to damage Israeli companies by stealing and publishing sensitive data. Another cited report states leaked internal operational records confirmed direct infrastructure and administrative overlap between Moses Staff and CyberAv3ngers, formally connecting previously separate Iranian cyber personas into a single coordinated effort directed by the Iranian state. The group is associated with destructive and disruptive activity rather than financial gain. The content states Moses Staff typically does not pursue financial gain and usually provides no practical way for victims to pay a ransom and decrypt data. Reported tooling includes the legitimate commercial/open-source tool DiskCryptor, including signed drivers from DiskCryptor to evade detection; custom tools PyDCrypt, DCSrv, and StrifeWater; and obfuscated web shells. PyDCrypt is described as a Python program built with PyInstaller that spreads within a network and ensures execution of DCSrv. DCSrv masquerades as svchost.exe, blocks access to the computer, and encrypts volumes using DiskCryptor. StrifeWater is described as a stealthy RAT used early in attacks to cover traces, execute remote commands, and capture the screen. Observed behaviors in the content include collecting the compromised network’s domain name and infected host information such as machine names and OS architecture. ATT&CK-style mappings in the content associate Moses Staff with T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application for initial access, T1505.003 Web Shell and T1505.004 IIS Components for persistence, T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter for execution, and T1608.001/T1608.002 Upload Malware/Upload Tool for resource development. The content also explicitly notes use of obfuscated web shells in operations.
Mallory correlates actor tradecraft and target patterns against your stack, your sector, and your geography. See overlap before they land.
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
36 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
6 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
1 additional family tracked in Mallory.
8 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 8 of them exploited in the wild.
This analytic identifies potential exploitation attempts of ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) and ProxyNotShell (CVE-2022-41040, CVE-2022-41082) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server.
This analytic identifies potential exploitation attempts of ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) and ProxyNotShell (CVE-2022-41040, CVE-2022-41082) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server.
This analytic identifies potential exploitation attempts of ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) and ProxyNotShell (CVE-2022-41040, CVE-2022-41082) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server.
The following analytic detects attempts to exploit CVE-2022-26134, an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in Confluence... This activity is significant as it allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on the Confluence server without authentication, potentially leading to full system compromise.
This analytic identifies potential exploitation attempts of ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) and ProxyNotShell (CVE-2022-41040, CVE-2022-41082) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server.
3 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.
40 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Listed as an associated threat actor in the detection annotation for exploitation of the public-facing PTC Windchill vulnerability CVE-2026-4681.
Listed as a threat actor associated with the detection for Metasploit-based Atlassian Confluence exploitation activity.
Listed as a threat actor associated with web shell persistence activity in the context of this VMware Workspace ONE web shell detection.
Listed as a threat actor associated with exploitation of public-facing applications and malware/tool upload activity relevant to Confluence exploitation detection.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.