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Juba VoIP is a criminal threat actor associated with compromises of internet-exposed VoIP and PBX platforms, particularly FreePBX-family environments. The actor is known primarily through rival operator activity that explicitly identifies and removes Juba VoIP-associated artifacts from infected systems, indicating that Juba VoIP is part of a competitive ecosystem of toll-fraud operators seeking exclusive control over vulnerable telephony infrastructure. Juba VoIP is linked to webshell-based access and persistence on PBX servers. Rival malware specifically searched for and deleted Juba VoIP signature strings and removed a system user associated with the actor, showing that Juba VoIP maintained identifiable implants or administrative footholds on compromised hosts. The broader intrusion pattern in this ecosystem includes exploitation of PBX application interfaces for remote code execution, deployment of PHP webshells, establishment of privileged persistence, credential theft from telephony management systems, session hijacking of PBX administrator sessions, and abuse of SIP trunks to originate fraudulent calls for International Revenue Share Fraud. Juba VoIP appears to operate as part of a financially motivated cybercriminal landscape centered on VoIP fraud rather than espionage or disruptive operations. Known overlap is limited to its identification as a rival to other PBX-focused actors including Nahda, Badr, b3d0r, nvd0rz, tchTowr, and yokyok. High-confidence public attribution to a specific state sponsor or formal organizational structure is not currently available.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
1 malware family attributed to this actor across reporting.
1 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
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Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
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CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
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