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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 1 actor

ech0raix

eCh0raix is a ransomware family also known as QNAPCrypt that first surfaced in June 2016. It is an older ransomware operation focused on infecting QNAP network-attached storage (NAS) systems, and QNAP has repeatedly warned customers that ech0raix has been used to target its devices. Reporting cited here states that eCh0raix has scanned the internet for unpatched QNAP devices and that activity spiked during periods when QNAP warned customers to apply updates to vulnerable applications, suggesting exploitation of unpatched internet-exposed NAS appliances as an infection vector. The malware is associated with attacks against NAS devices used by home and enterprise customers, where exposed systems are attractive targets because they store sensitive data and are often reachable remotely over the internet. The content also notes that DPRK state-sponsored ransomware actors have been observed using or possessing publicly available encryption tools including ech0raix, alongside other ransomware and encryption utilities. High-confidence aliases and naming in the content identify eCh0raix as QNAPCrypt; no specific ransom note text, file extension, wallet, or hash IOC for ech0raix itself is provided in the supplied material.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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DPRK cyber actors

Actors have also been observed using or possessing publically available tools for encryption, such as BitLocker, Deadbolt, ech0raix, GonnaCry, Hidden Tear, Jigsaw, LockBit 2.0, My Little Ransomware, NxRansomware, Ryuk, and YourRansom.

via cisa advisoriescisa.gov
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

3 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

1 technique
T1133External Remote ServicesEvidence1

Serper added that a conservative estimate based on searches through threat intelligence tool Shodan show that more than 80,000 QNAP devices worldwide still have the vulnerabilities.

Persistence

1 technique
T1133External Remote ServicesEvidence1

Serper added that a conservative estimate based on searches through threat intelligence tool Shodan show that more than 80,000 QNAP devices worldwide still have the vulnerabilities.

Lateral Movement

1 technique
T1210Exploitation of Remote ServicesEvidence1

QNAP said it is “urgently” fixing two vulnerabilities that allow hackers to remotely access systems... A malicious actor could use those problems to get full access to a QNAP device.

Impact

1 technique
T1486Data Encrypted for ImpactEvidence2
TacticImpact

QNAP has spent more than a year working to protect customers from the Deadbolt ransomware group, which has specifically exploited vulnerabilities in the company’s NAS storage hardware.

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IOC matching

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Threat actor attribution1

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping3

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.