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Nuso is an HTTP backdoor malware family, also referred to as HTTP_VIP, identified in campaigns attributed to the Iranian state-sponsored threat group MuddyWater (also tracked as Boggy Serpens and attributed to Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security). Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 described it as a newly identified Nuso HTTP backdoor delivered through the group’s Phoenix Lineage malware development track, alongside other full backdoors such as BugSleep. In observed operations, MuddyWater used hijacked legitimate email accounts to send phishing lures and malicious Office documents; when victims enabled macros, VBA code executed, dropped payloads, and displayed decoy content. Forensic analysis linked Nuso delivery to this VBA builder pipeline. Nuso was deployed during a four-wave intrusion campaign from August 2025 to February 2026 against a UAE-based marine and energy company linked to Saudi Aramco, alongside other malware including GhostBackDoor, UDPGangster, and LampoRAT. High-confidence indicators and associations directly mentioned in the source include the alias HTTP_VIP, delivery via malicious macro-enabled Office documents, and linkage to the Phoenix Lineage development track.
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1 CVE Mallory has correlated with this family across public research and vendor advisories. Each row links to the full Mallory page for that vulnerability.
...the threat actor is said to have conducted four distinct waves of attack, leading to the deployment of various malware families, including GhostBackDoor and Nuso (aka HTTP_VIP). | CVE-2025-54068 (CVSS score: 9.8) - A code injection vulnerability in Laravel Livewire that could allow unauthenticated attackers to achieve remote command execution in specific scenarios. (Fixed in July 2025)
1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.
...the threat actor is said to have conducted four distinct waves of attack, leading to the deployment of various malware families, including GhostBackDoor and Nuso (aka HTTP_VIP).
2 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Malware family used by MuddyWater in a sustained campaign against a UAE marine and energy company.
A newly identified HTTP backdoor delivered through the Phoenix Lineage in Boggy Serpens/MuddyWater intrusion campaigns.
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Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.
CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.
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