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MalwareUsed by 2 actors

notnullOSX

notnullOSX is a Go-written macOS information-stealing malware family first reported in early 2026 and observed by Moonlock Lab on March 30, 2026. It is designed primarily to steal cryptocurrency and selectively targets Mac users whose wallets reportedly hold more than $10,000. Reported victim geography at first detection included Vietnam, Taiwan, and Spain. The malware has been linked in reporting to the underground actor 0xFFF, later using the alias alh1mik.

Distribution relies on social engineering rather than an exploit chain. Reported infection paths include ClickFix-style lures that trick victims into pasting a base64-decoded Terminal command, fake protected Google Docs claiming an outdated Google API Connector or encryption issue, and malicious DMG installers masquerading as a WallSpace wallpaper application and promoted via a hijacked YouTube channel. The installer retrieves a Mach-O payload, removes the Gatekeeper quarantine attribute, creates persistence via LaunchAgent, and guides the victim to grant Full Disk Access, thereby bypassing normal macOS TCC protections for sensitive data access.

The malware is modular and has been described as both a stealer and a backdoor because it maintains persistent command-and-control and can receive follow-on instructions. Reported modules include SystemInfo, iMessageGrab, AppleNotesGrab, SafariCookiesGrab, CryptoWalletsGrab, BrowserHistoryGrab, BrowserGrab, FirefoxGrab, CredsGrab, TelegramGrab, and ReplaceApp. Confirmed theft targets mentioned in reporting include iMessages, Apple Notes, Safari cookies, browser passwords and history, Telegram Desktop session data, cryptocurrency wallet data, and developer secrets such as SSH keys, cloud credentials, Kubernetes configs, Docker configs, Terraform credentials, package manager tokens, and shell profiles. CryptoWalletsGrab reportedly targets desktop wallets including Bitcoin Core, Electrum, Wasabi, Exodus, and Atomic, as well as numerous browser wallet extensions.

A notable capability is the ReplaceApp module, which reportedly replaces legitimate wallet-management applications such as Ledger Live and Trezor with trojanized or counterfeit versions in order to capture seed phrases during setup or use. Reporting also states that notnullOSX maintains persistent communications with attacker infrastructure, including Firebase Realtime Database and downloads of modular components from cdn.filestackcontent.com.

High-confidence indicators and infrastructure mentioned in the reporting include SHA256 b0cd860f18b0136e063d7ef9a3c84d138a1a21dbea019605ce66a3a1fad91db4 for the main Mach-O binary, SHA256 070402c2c531aa3a87b9ccd080532a51d17b01d982b205fc4487246d58de8913 for a stage-1 bash installer, SHA256 636fa90aebab98534dcdbe50508ed8d3607c284c72f831a4503e223540d3f761 for a malicious DMG, IPs 111.90.149.111:8080 and 83.217.209.88, domains wallpapermacos.com, wallspaceapp.com, cdn.filestackcontent.com, and mactest-6b2ab-default-rtdb.firebaseio.com, and a malicious YouTube lure at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbH5KJGYBHk. At time of publication, detection coverage was reportedly limited, with 10 of 64 VirusTotal vendors flagging the main sample.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

2 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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alh1mik

Attacks with the nascent notnullOSX malware for macOS have been targeting cryptocurrency wallets containing over $10,000 in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Spain as part of a ClickFix campaign identified on Mar. 30... Multiple modules are then deployed by notnullOSX, the most concerning of which is ReplaceApp, which replaces the Trezor or Ledger Live hardware wallets with counterfeit iterations to facilitate real-time exfiltration of secret seed phrases.

via scworldscworld.com
0xFFF

Attacks with the nascent notnullOSX malware for macOS have been targeting cryptocurrency wallets containing over $10,000 in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Spain as part of a ClickFix campaign identified on Mar. 30... Multiple modules are then deployed by notnullOSX, the most concerning of which is ReplaceApp, which replaces the Trezor or Ledger Live hardware wallets with counterfeit iterations to facilitate real-time exfiltration of secret seed phrases.

via scworldscworld.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

28 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

3 techniques
T1189Drive-by CompromiseEvidence1

Traffic to the malicious site was driven by a hijacked YouTube channel registered back in 2015 that had accumulated 50,000 views within two weeks of posting a single video.

T1566PhishingEvidence1

Threat actors have used either a fraudulent protected Google Document claiming an outdated Google API Connector and an illicit WallSpace app promoted through a hacked YouTube channel to lure recipients...

T1566.002Spearphishing LinkEvidence4

The attack starts when a victim receives a fake “protected” Google document. Opening it shows a convincing but fraudulent interface with an encryption error, falsely attributed to an outdated “Google API Connector.”

Execution

5 techniques
T1059.004Unix ShellEvidence3

The base64-encoded command shown to the victim decodes into a curl command that fetches a bash installer script from a remote server.

T1204User ExecutionEvidence4

One path, called ClickFix, presents a Terminal command that, when pasted and run, silently downloads and installs the malware.

T1204.002Malicious FileEvidence1

The second delivers a malicious DMG disk image containing a README, an install script, and a Terminal shortcut, packaged to look entirely routine.

T1204.003Malicious ImageEvidence1

Additionally, users are told to copy a specific command into their Mac’s Terminal, which is the ClickFix trap, to fix it.

T1574Hijack Execution FlowEvidence4

Perhaps most concerning is a module called ReplaceApp, which silently swaps legitimate hardware wallet applications like Ledger Live with malicious clones designed to intercept seed phrases during wallet setup.

Persistence

2 techniques
T1543.001Launch AgentEvidence2

That script downloads a Mach-O binary, makes it executable, removes Apple’s Gatekeeper quarantine flag, and sets up a LaunchAgent to run automatically on startup.

T1547.015Login ItemsEvidence1

That script ... writes a LaunchAgent for persistence.

Privilege Escalation

3 techniques
T1543.001Launch AgentEvidence2

That script downloads a Mach-O binary, makes it executable, removes Apple’s Gatekeeper quarantine flag, and sets up a LaunchAgent to run automatically on startup.

T1547.015Login ItemsEvidence1

That script ... writes a LaunchAgent for persistence.

T1548Abuse Elevation Control MechanismEvidence2

Once the command runs, the program asks for Full Disk Access. Researchers noted that granting this permission basically bypasses Apple’s security framework, allowing the malware to silently read iMessages, Apple Notes, and Safari credentials.

Stealth

4 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence1

The command presented by notnullOSX lures is base64-encoded ... Install.sh itself does not look like a script. At 299 KB, it presents a base64-encoded text.

T1036MasqueradingEvidence4

The second path uses a fake disk image file called WallSpace.app, disguised as a legitimate macOS live wallpaper application.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

Before a victim is approached, operators manually fill out a submission form identifying the target’s wallet address, social media profiles, and wallet balance. The panel documentation explicitly states the minimum threshold is $10,000, and submissions below that amount are simply not processed.

T1574Hijack Execution FlowEvidence4

Perhaps most concerning is a module called ReplaceApp, which silently swaps legitimate hardware wallet applications like Ledger Live with malicious clones designed to intercept seed phrases during wallet setup.

Defense Impairment

1 technique
T1222File and Directory Permissions ModificationEvidence1

That script downloads a Mach-O binary, makes it executable, strips the Gatekeeper quarantine flag

Credential Access

5 techniques
T1056.001KeyloggingEvidence1

This allows hackers to steal secret seed phrases as the user types them.

T1539Steal Web Session CookieEvidence1

Once installed, notnullOSX operates silently and persistently, extracting data from iMessages, Apple Notes, Safari cookies, browser passwords, Telegram sessions, and a wide range of cryptocurrency wallets.

T1552Unsecured CredentialsEvidence1

CredsGrab ... sweeps the home directory for SSH keys, cloud provider credentials, shell configs, package manager tokens, and DevOps tooling secrets

T1555Credentials from Password StoresEvidence3

Once installed, notnullOSX operates silently and persistently, extracting data from iMessages, Apple Notes, Safari cookies, browser passwords, Telegram sessions, and a wide range of cryptocurrency wallets.

T1649Steal or Forge Authentication CertificatesEvidence2

allowing the malware to silently read iMessages, Apple Notes, and Safari credentials.

Discovery

2 techniques
T1082System Information DiscoveryEvidence1

Dynamic analysis reveals the following confirmed modules executing in sequence: SystemInfo ...

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

Before a victim is approached, operators manually fill out a submission form identifying the target’s wallet address, social media profiles, and wallet balance. The panel documentation explicitly states the minimum threshold is $10,000, and submissions below that amount are simply not processed.

Collection

2 techniques
T1005Data from Local SystemEvidence2

Once installed, notnullOSX operates silently and persistently, extracting data from iMessages, Apple Notes, Safari cookies, browser passwords, Telegram sessions, and a wide range of cryptocurrency wallets.

T1056.001KeyloggingEvidence1

This allows hackers to steal secret seed phrases as the user types them.

Command and Control

3 techniques
T1071Application Layer ProtocolEvidence2

The implant also maintains a live connection back to the attacker’s server, meaning operators can send fresh instructions to infected machines long after the initial compromise.

T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence1

notnullOSX holds a persistent WebSocket connection to a Firebase-hosted C2 server, sending regular heartbeats and waiting for remote commands.

T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence2

The malware operates through a modular architecture, downloading separate binaries from its C2 server to handle each theft task.

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1567Exfiltration Over Web ServiceEvidence1

The main module is maintaining a persistent connection to Firebase Realtime Database ... Each agent message is a JSON POST to /ns/<UUID>/outbox/<msgID>.json.

Other

2 techniques
T1562.001Disable or Modify ToolsEvidence1

That script downloads a Mach-O binary, makes it executable, removes Apple’s Gatekeeper quarantine flag, and sets up a LaunchAgent to run automatically on startup.

T1656ImpersonationEvidence1

Moonlock Lab’s investigation reveals that the hackers rely on social engineering to trick people into infecting their own computers.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

17 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

View more in app
Network
7 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
9 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

Other
1 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
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ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

5 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

cyber security newsNews
Apr 23, 2026
Hackers Abuse Fake Wallpaper App and YouTube Channel to Spread notnullOSX Malware

A Go-written macOS stealer delivered via social engineering, fake Google documents, a fake WallSpace wallpaper app, and a hijacked YouTube channel. It steals iMessages, Apple Notes, Safari cookies, browser passwords, Telegram sessions, and cryptocurrency wallet data, and includes a ReplaceApp module that swaps legitimate wallet apps such as Ledger Live with malicious clones to capture seed phrases. It also establishes persistence via LaunchAgent and maintains live C2 connectivity.

Read more
scworldNews
Apr 10, 2026
High-value crypto asset theft sought by novel notnullOSX macOS malware | brief | SC Media

A macOS malware used in a ClickFix campaign to target high-value cryptocurrency wallets. It is downloaded after victims are lured into executing a command in Terminal, gains total disk access, deploys multiple modules, and can replace Trezor or Ledger Live wallet applications with counterfeit versions to steal seed phrases in real time.

Read more
cyber security newsNews
Apr 9, 2026
Hackers Use ClickFix and Malicious DMG Files to Deliver notnullOSX on macOS

A targeted macOS information stealer written in Go that focuses on cryptocurrency holders. It uses ClickFix social engineering and malicious DMG installers, coerces victims into granting Full Disk Access to bypass TCC protections, downloads modular payloads to steal messages, notes, browser data, Telegram data, credentials, and crypto wallet information, can replace legitimate wallet apps with trojanized versions, and maintains a persistent WebSocket connection to a Firebase-hosted C2 for remote commands.

Read more
hackreadNews
Apr 9, 2026
New macOS Malware notnullOSX Targets Crypto Wallets Over $10K

A macOS malware platform designed to steal cryptocurrency by targeting high-value victims, using social engineering and fake applications to gain execution, requesting Full Disk Access to read sensitive data such as iMessages, Apple Notes, and Safari credentials, maintaining backdoor access for follow-on commands, and replacing legitimate wallet-management apps like Ledger Live and Trezor with trojanized versions to capture seed phrases.

Read more
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IOC matching17

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Threat actor attribution2

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping28

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.