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Malware

GoLoader

GoLoader is a Go-based malware loader and loader-as-a-service framework documented in multiple distinct contexts. Cisco Talos described a Golang loader referred to as GOLoader in a phishing campaign targeting Russian-speaking users. In that activity, malicious HTML/JavaScript led to an archive that launched GOLoader, which modified Microsoft Defender Antivirus settings by adding exclusions for C:\ and C:\Users$user\Desktop, then downloaded Dark Crystal RAT (DCRAT) from a hardcoded remote URL, including an inaccessible GitHub repository path observed during analysis. That campaign used attacker-controlled .ru infrastructure and VK-themed lures.

Separate reporting from Breakglass Intelligence described GoLoader as a Go-based loader-as-a-service framework active for over two years and used to deliver at least seven malware families: Vidar, StealC, SmokeLoader, Rhadamanthys, LummaStealer, RemcosRAT, and ValleyRAT. The framework primarily abuses DLL sideloading with signed VMware vmtoolsd.exe and, in a shorter campaign, Microsoft Edge binaries via msedge_elf.dll. Its architecture consists of a Stage 1 loader that decrypts or retrieves payloads and a Stage 2 reflective PE loader that loads payloads in memory. Researchers identified more than 126 samples across versions v0, v1, and v2, and documented a custom three-layer encryption scheme composed of data interleaving, an arithmetic transform, and a Fibonacci-like keystream XOR. Social-engineering lures included Roblox cheats, software cracks, TON crypto wallets, Recuva, PuTTY, Instagram bots, and a fake "source code of carbanak backdoor discovered.exe" sample aimed at researchers. Reported infrastructure included 95.85.239.146 as Vidar C2 or staging, 80.97.160.190 as a StealC C2 panel, 217.156.66.135 as an offline StealC C2, historical staging at 192.121.16.228:22 with hardcoded credentials root / XNSK6Vz5w4bF, and zodiacrealm[.]info for IP validation. Detection-relevant details included vmtoolsd.exe SHA256 2803b74d5466845e4dc9063bd516f3679aa2a3f70a30d9e93976c212e87f6e87, EXE import hash f0ea7b7844bbc5bfa9bb32efdcea957c, DLL import hash 7ecc3b9e18c31c23f5275a91f6c533d1, and the fact that malicious intl.dll samples exported 36 functions while using the internal export name Crypt.dll.

Breakglass Intelligence also reported publicly exposed unauthenticated GoLoader builder panels at 121.127.246.86:8081 and 118.107.6.148:8081. Those panels, identified as version v2.1 - 2026/01/12 07:22, exposed full API access over HTTP, showed 71 active malware-generation tasks, and had produced 468,349 unique polymorphic Windows malware samples. The exposed API returned Alibaba Cloud OSS credentials for the publicly listable jpginfo bucket in Hong Kong, used via oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.com and custom domain c.fi3.me. The bucket hosted steganographic carriers, LNK droppers, VBS scripts, .NET loader components, and RAT payloads. Researchers reconstructed a chain from malicious LNK files to polymorphic VBS droppers, steganographic PNG/JPEG carriers, a .NET loader called Fiber, and final-stage njRAT injected into RegAsm.exe via process hollowing. The operation used Simplified Chinese cryptocurrency-themed lures and was assessed with moderate confidence as operated by a Chinese-speaking actor using the handle "laohe."

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MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

14 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

1 technique
T1189Drive-by CompromiseEvidence1

The attack begins with a ClickFix lure -- a social engineering technique that presents victims with a fake "I Am Not a Robot" verification page.

Execution

4 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence1

Register a scheduled task with a randomized name for persistence ... The scheduled task name used for persistence.

T1059.001PowerShellEvidence2

The dropped JavaScript “UserCacheHelper.lnk.js” loads the contents of the “UserCache.ini” and executes it using the Invoke-Expression PowerShell command.

T1059.005Visual BasicEvidence1

Stage 2: The Polymorphic VBS Engine ... The builder panels generate VBS droppers at industrial scale, and every single sample is unique.

T1204.002Malicious FileEvidence1

[1] LNK File (spearphishing delivery) ... Stage 1: The LNK Dropper The initial delivery vector is a Windows shortcut (.lnk) file.

Persistence

2 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence1

Register a scheduled task with a randomized name for persistence ... The scheduled task name used for persistence.

T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence1

Copy self to %APPDATA%\<random_folder>\<random_name>.vbs ... MITRE ATT&CK Mapping ... T1547.001 ... VBS dropper copies to APPDATA for persistence

Privilege Escalation

2 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence1

Register a scheduled task with a randomized name for persistence ... The scheduled task name used for persistence.

T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence1

Copy self to %APPDATA%\<random_folder>\<random_name>.vbs ... MITRE ATT&CK Mapping ... T1547.001 ... VBS dropper copies to APPDATA for persistence

Stealth

2 techniques
T1027.002Software PackingEvidence1

The polymorphic engine randomizes: Junk variable names and string assignments inserted throughout the script ... Comment blocks with random words ... 468,349 unique hashes in approximately two days of operation.

T1027.003SteganographyEvidence1

The 93 PNG files in the bucket are steganographic carriers... the PE payload is appended after the JPEG end-of-file marker ( FF D9 ).

Credential Access

1 technique
T1555.003Credentials from Web BrowsersEvidence1

This intermediate loader is not merely a dropper -- it has its own credential theft capabilities including browser credential harvesting, cryptocurrency wallet discovery, and process enumeration.

Discovery

1 technique
T1518Software DiscoveryEvidence1

This intermediate loader is not merely a dropper -- it has its own credential theft capabilities including browser credential harvesting, cryptocurrency wallet discovery, and process enumeration.

Command and Control

3 techniques
T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence1

HTTP-based payload delivery from OSS bucket ... The PowerShell instance downloads 444444.png from the OSS bucket (via c[.]fi3[.]me or the direct OSS endpoint)

T1102Web ServiceEvidence1

Both panels shared identical Alibaba Cloud OSS credentials pointing to a publicly listable storage bucket ("jpginfo") ... Alibaba Cloud OSS used as malware staging infrastructure

T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence1

After configuring the exclusion paths, the GOLoader downloads the DCRAT binary data stream from a remote location through a hardcoded URL and writes it into a dropped executable with the file name “file.exe”.

Other

1 technique
T1562.001Disable or Modify ToolsEvidence1

It modifies the configuration settings for Microsoft Defender Antivirus, specifically by excluding the root directory “C:\” and the folder “C:\Users\$user\Desktop”.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

30 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

View more in app
Network
11 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
18 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

Other
1 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
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hash.sha256●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
hash.sha256●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
ip.v4●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
ip.v4●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

5 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

breakglass intelNews
Apr 20, 2026
GoLoader at Industrial Scale: Two Unauthenticated Builder Panels, 468K Polymorphic Samples, Steganographic .NET Loaders, and a Cracked njRAT Config Pointing to a Chinese XWorm Operator - Breakglass Intelligence - Breakglass Intelligence

A Go-based builder/panel used to generate large volumes of polymorphic malware payloads, especially VBS droppers and EXE payloads. In this campaign it produced hundreds of thousands of unique samples and supported delivery of later-stage malware via steganographic carriers and cloud-hosted payloads.

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breakglass intelNews
Mar 15, 2026
EssentialAcquisition: A Custom Go Financial Trojan Running Raft Consensus C2 on Kubernetes - Breakglass Intelligence - Breakglass Intelligence

A loader-as-a-service framework written in Go that uses fake Raft struct definitions with no implementation and delivers commodity stealers via DLL sideloading.

Read more
breakglass intelNews
Mar 12, 2026
SmokeLoader Remus Plugin: From ClickFix Lure to Live C2 in Six Stages - Breakglass Intelligence - Breakglass Intelligence

An intermediate Go-compiled loader in the infection chain that also performs browser credential harvesting, cryptocurrency wallet discovery, and process enumeration before deploying the Remus plugin.

Read more
breakglass intelNews
Mar 8, 2026
GoLoader LaaS: A Two-Year-Old Go-Based Loader-as-a-Service Framework Delivering 7+ Malware Families via DLL Sideloading - Breakglass Intelligence - Breakglass Intelligence

Go-based loader-as-a-service framework that uses DLL sideloading and reflective PE loading to decrypt and deliver multiple malware families in memory. It evolved through multiple versions with custom encryption, obfuscation, and PE-loading capabilities.

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IOC matching30

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping14

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.