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MalwareUsed by 3 actors

fast16

fast16 is a previously undocumented cyber-sabotage malware framework whose oldest known components date to around 2005, predating Stuxnet. Public reporting cited in the content describes it as a precision sabotage platform built around a service binary, svcmgmt.exe, that embeds an early Lua 5.0 virtual machine and encrypted Lua payloads, plus a boot-start filesystem driver, fast16.sys, that intercepts executable code as it is read from disk and applies rule-based patches in memory. The framework is described as targeting high-precision engineering and physics simulation software rather than conventional espionage or broad destructive objectives.

High-confidence reporting in the content states that fast16 includes self-propagation functionality referred to as "wormlets." It spreads laterally over Windows network shares and via remote service creation, checks for the presence of security products before installation, and can install the fast16.sys kernel driver on target systems when those products are absent. The malware is described as operating in older Windows environments, particularly Windows 2000/XP-era systems.

The sabotage component selectively targets narrowly defined applications and modifies calculations in subtle, reproducible ways. Across the cited analyses, likely or confirmed targets include LS-DYNA and AUTODYN, with SentinelOne also identifying LS-DYNA 970, PKPM, and MOHID as probable targets. Symantec’s review, as summarized in the content, confirmed LS-DYNA and AUTODYN as targeted applications and described 101 byte-pattern hook rules grouped across multiple software builds. The malware activates only under specific simulation conditions and alters outputs such as pressure and Cauchy stress tensor values, including logic tied to high-explosive equation-of-state selections and density thresholds around 30 g/cm³. The stated effect is to silently corrupt simulation results, especially in high-explosive and uranium-compression modeling, in ways that could mislead researchers, delay programs, or contribute to engineering failure.

The content repeatedly characterizes fast16 as a state-grade sabotage capability and links its name to materials leaked by the Shadow Brokers that were widely believed to be associated with the NSA-linked Equation Group. However, attribution is not confirmed in the content. Multiple cited reports and researchers assess that the malware may have been intended to target Iranian nuclear-related research or weapons-development simulations, particularly through tampering with software allegedly used by Iranian nuclear scientists. The content also notes that fast16 was designed to infect multiple machines in the same environment so that verification on another local system would reproduce the same falsified results, making detection harder.

Known artifacts and identifiers directly mentioned in the content include the filenames svcmgmt.exe and fast16.sys, the string/name fast16 appearing in leaked Shadow Brokers materials, a PDB path referencing fast16.pdb, and the named pipe \.\pipe\p577. The content also mentions vendor detections including Microsoft Trojan:WinNT/FastSixteen.A!dha and Kaspersky Trojan.Win32.Fast16.a.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

3 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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Equation Group

Security researchers have uncovered fast16, a highly specialized sabotage framework whose oldest software components appear to date back to roughly 2005—pre-dating Stuxnet’s deployment by nearly two years.

via security online infosecurityonline.info
NSA

Security researchers have uncovered a cyber-sabotage platform that predates Stuxnet by at least half a decade... Fast16 was designed to corrupt floating-point calculations in a subtle, predictable, reproducible way.

via toms hardwaretomshardware.com
ShadowBrokers

Researchers have uncovered a malware framework dubbed "fast16" that predates Stuxnet by 5 years... Fast16's function was to quietly corrupt mathematical outputs of engineering and scientific software by introducing tiny systematic errors... SentinelOne described it as the first-ever Lua-based network worm targeting high-precision calculation software.

via dark readingdarkreading.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

28 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

3 techniques
T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe

T1091Replication Through Removable MediaEvidence1

The researchers analyzed the sample and found it tries to install a worm and deploy a driver called fast16.sys.

T1195Supply Chain CompromiseEvidence2

Their investigation uncovered malware dating back to 2005 that was reportedly designed to manipulate software believed to be used by Iranian nuclear scientists...

Execution

3 techniques
T1559.001Component Object ModelEvidence1
TacticExecution

...report new share connections back via the named pipe \\.\pipe\p577.

T1569.002Service ExecutionEvidence1
TacticExecution

No arguments runs it as a Windows service... registers itself as the SvcMgmt service... and creates a remote SvcMgmt service to start execution on the new host.

T1574Hijack Execution FlowEvidence4

The framework consists of a service binary that embeds an early Lua 5.0 virtual machine, a boot-start filesystem driver that intercepts and patches executable code as it is read from disk, and a rule-driven hook engine that rewrites very specific instruction sequences inside a single, narrowly defined target application.

Persistence

5 techniques
T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe

T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

The Lua code provides fast16's main execution behavior through 13 libraries covering host operations, remote service control, registry manipulation... configures the registry to load it as a SCSI-class filter driver on the next boot.

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence1

No arguments: Runs as a Windows service. -p : Sets InstallFlag = 1 and runs as a service (Propagate/Install & Run). ... Escalates privileges and installs the carrier executable as the SvcMgmt service, then starts it.

T1546.012Image File Execution Options InjectionEvidence2

For persistence, fast16 abuses Image File Execution Options by writing its own path into the Debugger value under HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\<target>, which causes Windows to launch fast16 instead of the chosen application.

T1556Modify Authentication ProcessEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe, and creates a remote SvcMgmt service to start execution on the new host.

T1055Process InjectionEvidence2

That kernel driver then reads the code of applications as they're loaded into the computer's memory, monitoring for a long list of specific patterns—“rules” that allow it to identify when a target application is running. When it detects the target software, it carries out its apparent goal: silently altering the calculations the software is running to imperceptibly corrupt its results.

T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe

T1134Access Token ManipulationEvidence1

Fast16 propagates within a target network using share enumeration and impersonation... fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence1

No arguments: Runs as a Windows service. -p : Sets InstallFlag = 1 and runs as a service (Propagate/Install & Run). ... Escalates privileges and installs the carrier executable as the SvcMgmt service, then starts it.

T1546.012Image File Execution Options InjectionEvidence2

For persistence, fast16 abuses Image File Execution Options by writing its own path into the Debugger value under HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\<target>, which causes Windows to launch fast16 instead of the chosen application.

Stealth

10 techniques
T1014RootkitEvidence5
TacticStealth

The framework consists of a service binary that embeds an early Lua 5.0 virtual machine, a boot-start filesystem driver that intercepts and patches executable code as it is read from disk... Once the driver is installed, it creates a kernel file system filter to monitor all accessed files.

T1036MasqueradingEvidence2
TacticStealth

Under the install flags, fast16 copies itself to %windir%\system32\svcmgmt.exe, timestamps the file by cloning creation dates and ACL permissions from services.exe... It then drops the fast16.sys kernel driver into the system drivers folder, matches its timestamps to beep.sys

T1055Process InjectionEvidence2

That kernel driver then reads the code of applications as they're loaded into the computer's memory, monitoring for a long list of specific patterns—“rules” that allow it to identify when a target application is running. When it detects the target software, it carries out its apparent goal: silently altering the calculations the software is running to imperceptibly corrupt its results.

T1070.004File DeletionEvidence2
TacticStealth

On execution, the malware deletes that registry key, launches the original application, re-adds the key to maintain persistence...

T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe

T1134Access Token ManipulationEvidence1

Fast16 propagates within a target network using share enumeration and impersonation... fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials

T1218System Binary Proxy ExecutionEvidence1
TacticStealth

On execution, the malware deletes that registry key, launches the original application, re-adds the key to maintain persistence, and then re-runs itself with the 'r' command-line argument for normal execution. The user sees a working application while the hijack is silently restored.

T1480Execution GuardrailsEvidence1
TacticStealth

The core sabotage logic only activated under narrow conditions. Fast16 first verified that a supported simulator was running and that a scenario matched high‑explosive implosion tests consistent with a spherical uranium core design.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

Fast16 is crafted such that it will not infect computers that have certain security products installed.

T1574Hijack Execution FlowEvidence4

The framework consists of a service binary that embeds an early Lua 5.0 virtual machine, a boot-start filesystem driver that intercepts and patches executable code as it is read from disk, and a rule-driven hook engine that rewrites very specific instruction sequences inside a single, narrowly defined target application.

Defense Impairment

2 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

The Lua code provides fast16's main execution behavior through 13 libraries covering host operations, remote service control, registry manipulation... configures the registry to load it as a SCSI-class filter driver on the next boot.

T1556Modify Authentication ProcessEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe, and creates a remote SvcMgmt service to start execution on the new host.

T1556Modify Authentication ProcessEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe, and creates a remote SvcMgmt service to start execution on the new host.

Discovery

5 techniques
T1057Process DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

The driver waits silently until EXPLORER.EXE initializes... The hooks for Mechanism B specifically targeted LS-DYNA runs. The malware scanned volatile memory to see if the user selected specific mathematical models designed for modeling high-explosive behavior.

T1083File and Directory DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

The driver waits silently until EXPLORER.EXE initializes and then maps out files compiled with the Intel Fortran or C++ compilers.

T1135Network Share DiscoveryEvidence3
TacticDiscovery

In parallel, fast16 enumerates all domains, servers, and shares to discover further remote hosts.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

Fast16 is crafted such that it will not infect computers that have certain security products installed.

T1518Software DiscoveryEvidence2
TacticDiscovery

It checks for a list of security applications, and if none are present, installs the Fast16.sys kernel driver on the target machine.

Lateral Movement

4 techniques
T1021.002SMB/Windows Admin SharesEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe, and creates a remote SvcMgmt service to start execution on the new host.

T1021.004SSHEvidence1

For machines that qualify, fast16 impersonates the locally logged-on user's credentials, copies itself to \\<remote>\admin$\system32\svcmgmt.exe, and creates a remote SvcMgmt service to start execution on the new host.

T1091Replication Through Removable MediaEvidence1

The researchers analyzed the sample and found it tries to install a worm and deploy a driver called fast16.sys.

T1570Lateral Tool TransferEvidence2

Using what was referred to within the code as “wormlet” functionality, Fast16 is designed to copy itself to other computers on the network via Windows’ network share feature.

Impact

2 techniques
T1490Inhibit System RecoveryEvidence1
TacticImpact

Before this workflow runs, a pre-installation kill-switch checks the environment. The ok_to_install() routine calls ok_to_propagate() and propagation is only allowed if it’s manually forced or if it’s made sure common security products aren’t found by checking for associated registry keys. The routine walks a list of vendor keys and aborts installation if any of them are present, preventing deployment into monitored environments.

T1565Data ManipulationEvidence7
TacticImpact

The hooks fast16 places inside of the simulation program consist of three attack strategies... All the tampering mechanisms effectively reduce the output values such as the Cauchy stress tensor to disrupt the simulation.

Other

1 technique
T1562Impair DefensesEvidence1

Because Fast16 propagated laterally across internal networks and refused to run on hosts with certain security tools, any workstation used to run these simulations could quietly return the same misleading results.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

25 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Hashes
25 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

TypeValueLatest sighting
hash.md5●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app28 days ago
hash.md5●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app28 days ago
hash.md5●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app28 days ago
hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app28 days ago
hash.sha256●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app28 days ago
hash.sha256●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app28 days ago
ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

cysecurity newsNews
Jun 4, 2026
Shadow Brokers Mystery Remains One of Cybersecurity’s Biggest Unsolved Cases - CySecurity News - Latest Information Security and Hacking Incidents

A project name found in leaked Shadow Brokers materials; researchers reportedly identified it as malware dating back to 2005 designed to manipulate software believed to be used by Iranian nuclear scientists.

Read more
techcrunch com securityNews
May 26, 2026
Ghost hackers: the cybersecurity mystery that nobody has solved | TechCrunch

A leaked malware project dating to 2005, designed to tamper with software allegedly used by Iranian nuclear scientists.

Read more
security online infoNews
May 21, 2026
Predating Stuxnet: How the "fast16" Malware Secretly Sabotaged Nuclear Weapons Simulations

A highly specialized sabotage framework designed to compromise engineering software used for high-explosive and impact-physics simulations. It drops a kernel-level file system filter driver, hooks targeted applications such as LS-DYNA and AUTODYN, injects an early Lua 5.0 virtual machine, and subtly corrupts thermodynamic simulation outputs related to uranium-compression modeling central to nuclear weapon design.

Read more
wikipedia cyber incidentsNews
May 19, 2026
Fast16 - Wikipedia

A cyber sabotage framework designed to target high-precision engineering and simulation software such as LS-DYNA, AUTODYN, PKPM, and MOHID. It uses an embedded Lua virtual machine for modularity and a kernel-mode filesystem driver to intercept executables in memory and patch floating-point arithmetic routines, causing inaccurate simulation and modeling results that could sabotage sensitive engineering or research outcomes.

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What this page doesn’t show

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This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets match these IOCs, which detections are missing, which campaigns to expect next, and what to do in the next 30 minutes.
IOC matching25

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution3

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping28

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.