GlassWorm Malware Campaign Targets macOS via Malicious VS Code Extensions

A new wave of the GlassWorm malware campaign is actively targeting macOS users by distributing trojanized Visual Studio Code (VS Code) extensions through the OpenVSX marketplace. This fourth iteration marks a significant shift from previous campaigns, which primarily targeted Windows systems, and now leverages AES-256-CBC–encrypted JavaScript payloads embedded in extensions such as studio-velte-distributor.pro-svelte-extension, cudra-production.vsce-prettier-pro, and Puccin-development.full-access-catppuccin-pro-extension. The malware is designed to steal credentials for platforms like GitHub, npm, and OpenVSX, as well as cryptocurrency wallet data, and it supports remote access via VNC and SOCKS proxy routing. Notably, the latest campaign employs AppleScript for execution on macOS and introduces a 15-minute delay before activating its malicious logic, a tactic intended to evade detection by automated sandbox analysis.

Researchers from Koi Security identified that the threat actor behind GlassWorm has adapted its techniques over four distinct waves since October, evolving from using invisible Unicode characters and compiled Rust binaries to the current encrypted JavaScript approach. The malware's command and control infrastructure is now based on the Solana blockchain, utilizing transaction memos with base64-encoded URLs to maintain decentralized and resilient control, making takedown efforts extremely challenging. Over 50,000 downloads of the malicious extensions have been recorded, and the campaign's infrastructure has been linked to previous waves through shared IP addresses and encryption keys. The sophistication and persistence of GlassWorm highlight the growing threat to macOS developers and users who rely on third-party extension marketplaces for their development environments.