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Tycoon 2FA, a phishing-as-a-service platform attributed to Storm-1747, proxies legitimate Microsoft 365/Entra ID and Google Workspace sign-ins through adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) infrastructure to steal post-MFA session tokens. At peak activity, the service reportedly accounted for about 62% of Microsoft-blocked phishing attempts and targeted more than 500,000 organizations each month. A Microsoft- and Europol-led operation seized more than 300 associated domains, but operators reportedly resumed activity within weeks, adding OAuth device-code phishing.
Against Entra ID tenants, Tycoon 2FA uses cloud VPS relays and residential proxies to conduct rapid Microsoft Graph reconnaissance and may register attacker-controlled devices to obtain primary refresh tokens (PRTs), which can persist after standard user-session revocation. Organizations should prioritize phishing-resistant FIDO2 or passkey authentication, compliant-device Conditional Access, device-code-flow restrictions, and Entra Token Protection policies that bind supported tokens to the intended device. Incident response should identify and remove attacker-registered devices before revoking sessions, while using Continuous Access Evaluation and token protections to limit stolen-token reuse.
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3 events from the most recent confirmed update back to the earliest known activity.
Following the March disruption, Tycoon 2FA operators resumed activity; eSentire documented Tycoon-related campaigns using OAuth device-code phishing by late April 2026.
Microsoft and Europol led a coordinated takedown of Tycoon 2FA that seized more than 300 domains, with support from Cloudflare, SpyCloud, eSentire, and other partners.
Microsoft Threat Intelligence first observed the Tycoon 2FA phishing-as-a-service platform, which conducts adversary-in-the-middle phishing against Microsoft 365/Entra ID and Google Workspace users, and attributed it to Storm-1747.
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