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HighCISA KEVExploited in the wildPublic exploit

FORCEDENTRY zero-click RCE in Apple CoreGraphics JBIG2 parser

IdentifiersCVE-2021-30860CWE-190· Integer Overflow or Wraparound

CVE-2021-30860 is an integer overflow vulnerability in Apple CoreGraphics, specifically in JBIG2 decoding/parsing of malicious content embedded in PDF files. Multiple supporting sources in the provided content tie the flaw to the CoreGraphics JBIG2 implementation, including the JBIG2::readTextRegionSeg path and the accumulation of referenced symbol counts into a 32-bit variable (numSyms). The overflow can lead to an undersized heap allocation followed by out-of-bounds writes during symbol pointer copying, resulting in heap corruption. In observed in-the-wild exploitation, attackers delivered a disguised PDF via iMessage using a 'fake GIF' technique so that IMTranscoderAgent processed the file outside BlastDoor protections. Citizen Lab and Project Zero associated this vulnerability with the FORCEDENTRY exploit chain used to deploy NSO Group Pegasus spyware. Apple fixed the issue in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8, iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, and watchOS 7.6.2, and stated it may have been actively exploited.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation can result in arbitrary code execution on the target Apple device. In the documented FORCEDENTRY campaign, the flaw was used as part of a zero-click iMessage exploit chain to compromise fully patched devices and install Pegasus spyware. This enabled full device compromise outcomes consistent with Pegasus operations, including covert access to messages, photos, location data, and other sensitive device contents, without requiring user interaction.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

If immediate patching is not possible, reduce exposure to iMessage-based attack surface where operationally feasible, since the observed exploit path used zero-click delivery through iMessage and IMTranscoderAgent processing of disguised attachments. Prioritize high-risk users for expedited patching and consider limiting or disabling iMessage handling on exposed devices where mission requirements permit. These are temporary risk-reduction measures only; the authoritative mitigation is installation of Apple's fixes.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply Apple's security updates that address CVE-2021-30860: Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8, iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, and watchOS 7.6.2 or later. The provided content also notes subsequent hardening by Apple in iOS 14.8.1, which restricted ImageIO formats reachable from IMTranscoderAgent, and in iOS 15.0, which moved GIF decoding fully into BlastDoor. Upgrading to later supported releases incorporating these changes is the appropriate remediation.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

1 valid exploit after Mallory filtered fakes, detection scripts, and README-only repos (3 hidden).

VALID 1 / 4 TOTALView more in app
CVE-2021-30860MaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository is a sophisticated proof-of-concept exploit for the FORCEDENTRY vulnerability (CVE-2021-30860) affecting iOS 14.4 and below. The exploit targets the iMessage zero-click attack surface by generating a malicious PDF file containing a specially crafted JBIG2 stream. The Python scripts in the 'docker/libs' directory handle the construction of the exploit payload, including heap manipulation and PDF generation. The main entry point is 'docker/forcedentry', which orchestrates the exploit flow, including Frida-based instrumentation for process tracing and payload delivery. The Objective-C code in 'docker/poc-app/poc-app/clazz.m' constructs a payload chain that leverages private iOS frameworks and Objective-C runtime features to achieve code execution. The payload demonstrates its effect by launching the Calculator app on the target device, proving arbitrary code execution. The exploit requires the attacker to have network access to the device (typically via SSH and Frida port forwarding) and is designed for research and demonstration purposes. The repository includes both the exploit logic and a minimal iOS app project for payload delivery and testing. Overall, the repository demonstrates a full exploit chain from PDF generation to sandbox escape and code execution, with a focus on the iMessage attack vector and iOS platform.

jeffsshDisclosed Dec 25, 2021pythonobjective-cnetwork
EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
AppleIpadosoperating_system
AppleIphone Osoperating_system
AppleMac Os Xoperating_system
AppleMacosoperating_system
AppleWatchosapplication
FreedesktopPopplerapplication
XpdfreaderXpdfapplication

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

8 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets are affected, which adversaries are exploiting it right now, which detections to deploy, and what to do tonight.
Exposure mapping

Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.

Threat actor evidence4

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware4

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures2

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity1

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.