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CVE-2025-20188 is a critical vulnerability in Cisco IOS XE Software for Wireless LAN Controllers affecting the Out-of-Band Access Point Image Download feature, as well as the Clean Air Spectral Recording and client debug bundles functionality. The flaw is caused by the presence of a hard-coded JSON Web Token used by the upload interface, which allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass intended authorization by sending crafted HTTPS requests to the AP file upload interface. Once access to the upload mechanism is obtained, insufficient validation of uploaded content and paths enables arbitrary file upload and path traversal. This can be leveraged to place attacker-controlled files in unintended locations and ultimately execute arbitrary commands with root privileges on the affected controller.
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What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.
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No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.
Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.
Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.
103 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
A specific vulnerability referenced only as a Nuclei template filename update in a pull request; no technical details are provided in the content.
A maximum-severity Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller flaw due to a hard-coded JWT that enables unauthenticated remote arbitrary file upload and potential root-level compromise.
A hardcoded JWT secret in Cisco IOS XE wireless controllers allowed attackers to authenticate as administrators and gain full control. All affected devices were vulnerable until patched due to the inability to rotate the secret.
A critical arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Cisco IOS XE on Catalyst wireless LAN controllers allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute code as root.
Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.
Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.
Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.
Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.