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CVE-2025-21180 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Windows exFAT File System. The flaw can be triggered when Windows processes a specially crafted exFAT filesystem image, including a malicious virtual hard disk, causing memory corruption in kernel-level filesystem handling. Available reporting consistently characterizes the issue as a remote code execution vulnerability, although exploitation appears to depend on local handling of attacker-supplied media rather than direct network reachability.
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What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.
What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.
If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.
Patch, then assume compromise.
No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.
No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.
Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.
Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.
4 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
A Windows exFAT file system remote code execution flaw that requires a user to mount a specially crafted malicious VHD.
High-severity remote code execution vulnerability in Windows exFAT File System.
A Windows exFAT File System remote code execution vulnerability listed in the summary table.
Remote code execution vulnerability in Windows exFAT file system.
Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.
Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.
Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.
Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.