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CVE-2026-5501 is a high-severity improper certificate validation flaw in wolfSSL's OpenSSL compatibility layer, specifically in wolfSSL_X509_verify_cert(). The function can accept a certificate chain even when the leaf certificate's signature is not actually verified. The bypass is triggered when an attacker supplies an untrusted intermediate certificate with Basic Constraints set to CA:FALSE that is nevertheless legitimately signed by a trusted root. Under those conditions, an attacker who possesses any valid leaf certificate issued by a trusted CA can construct a forged certificate for an arbitrary subject name, with any attacker-chosen public key and arbitrary signature bytes, and wolfSSL_X509_verify_cert() may still return success (WOLFSSL_SUCCESS / X509_V_OK). The issue is not in the native wolfSSL TLS certificate processing path; wolfSSL states that ProcessPeerCerts is not susceptible. Exposure is limited to applications that invoke the OpenSSL compatibility API directly, including integrations of wolfSSL into software such as nginx and HAProxy when using that compatibility layer.
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No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.
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Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.
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