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APT39, also known as Chafer and Remix Kitten, is an Iranian state-aligned cyber espionage group associated with the Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS). Active since at least 2014, the group is primarily known for intelligence collection operations focused on telecommunications and government targets, with especially notable activity against organizations in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East. Reported operations have also included exploitation of enterprise-facing vulnerabilities in telecommunications environments. APT39’s tradecraft is consistent with long-term espionage objectives rather than overtly destructive or financially motivated campaigns. The group has been linked to intrusion activity designed to obtain sensitive organizational and personal data, maintain access to victim environments, and support surveillance requirements. Its operations fit the broader pattern of Iranian intelligence cyber activity targeting regional rivals, government entities, and sectors that provide high-value communications and travel-related or identity-related data. Known aliases for the group include Chafer and Remix Kitten. The actor is widely assessed as part of Iran’s state-sponsored cyber ecosystem and aligned with MOIS-directed intelligence priorities.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
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Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
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