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Fog Ransomware is a financially motivated ransomware and extortion operation first observed in May 2024. It has notably targeted U.S. higher-education organizations and has also been reported targeting Turkey's energy sector. Fog commonly obtains initial access through compromised VPN accounts and valid credentials, including in intrusions involving SonicWall SSL VPN appliances. Operators have also been linked to exploitation of SonicWall CVE-2024-40766 and Veeam Backup & Replication vulnerabilities, including CVE-2024-40711. Fog conducts double-extortion operations, exfiltrating victim data before encrypting systems and threatening publication through a dedicated leak site. Its operations have included rapid progression from VPN access to encryption, sometimes within hours. Post-compromise activity includes host and network reconnaissance, credential theft—including extraction of credentials from browser stores, Active Directory data, and Veeam backup infrastructure—pass-the-hash activity, RDP and SMB-based lateral movement, remote execution through WMI, scheduled tasks, service creation, and PsExec-like tooling. Operators have used Rclone, WinSCP, FileZilla, and cloud services for data theft. Fog operators disable security products, terminate selected processes and services, delete backup data and volume shadow copies, and encrypt files across Windows environments, including virtual-machine storage. Malware samples have incorporated anti-analysis checks, anti-debugging, API hashing, reflective DLL loading, and attempts to remove EDR hooks. Fog has operational and financial-infrastructure overlaps with Akira and Frag ransomware, including shared Defiway bridge laundering infrastructure; these overlaps do not establish that the operations are the same group.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
33 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
5 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Referenced as part of prior intrusions involving SonicWall SSL VPN accounts; the content does not establish provenance of the credentials or focus primarily on Fog itself.
Conducting ransomware intrusions via exploitation of SonicWall SSLVPN access weaknesses, particularly CVE-2024-40766, alongside credential-based access and fast post-compromise activity.
Associated with exploitation of Veeam Backup & Replication vulnerabilities in ransomware operations.
Named as one of several ransomware operations weaponizing a critical Veeam Backup & Replication RCE flaw in attacks.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.