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Dragonfly is a Russian state-sponsored cyberespionage threat actor targeting energy organizations, government networks, aviation, and other critical infrastructure. It is tracked under overlapping names including Energetic Bear, Berserk Bear, Crouching Yeti, Iron Liberty, Koala Team, and Ghost Blizzard; related reporting also uses Dragonfly 2.0 and Static Tundra. Its operations emphasize credential acquisition, persistent network access, and intelligence collection. Dragonfly gains access through spearphishing, compromised credentials, exploitation of internet-facing services, and software supply-chain compromise. Phishing operations have used malicious Office attachments and PDFs containing links to credential-harvesting sites. Supply-chain operations have distributed trojanized installers through legitimate software vendors. The actor scans Citrix and Microsoft Exchange services for vulnerabilities and has exploited CVE-2019-19781, CVE-2020-0688, and Fortinet VPN vulnerability CVE-2018-13379. It has also exploited the Netlogon vulnerability CVE-2020-1472 to access Active Directory servers and escalate privileges. Activity tracked as Static Tundra has exploited Cisco Smart Install vulnerability CVE-2018-0171 against network devices worldwide for intelligence gathering. Following compromise, Dragonfly steals passwords and password hashes, including through SecretsDump and acquisition of the Active Directory credential database. It moves laterally using RDP and valid accounts, and maintains access through VPNs, Outlook Web Access, web shells, scheduled tasks, and Registry autostart entries. It creates privileged accounts, adds accounts to administrator groups, and disguises accounts as legitimate backup, service, or email-administration identities. A campaign active by September 2020 targeted dozens of U.S. state, local, territorial, and tribal government networks and aviation networks. The actor compromised network infrastructure and exfiltrated data from at least two victim servers. Observed theft included sensitive network configurations, passwords, and administrative procedures. That campaign did not establish intentional operational disruption or alteration of election data.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
57 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt.
22 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
17 additional families tracked in Mallory.
24 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 24 of them exploited in the wild.
Static Tundra has been exploiting CVE-2018-0171, a CVSS 9.8 Cisco Smart Install vulnerability, to compromise unpatched network devices worldwide for intelligence gathering. The content also reports that Salt Typhoon leveraged this vulnerability against major U.S. telecommunications companies.
The APT actor enumerated and exploited ... a Windows Netlogon vulnerability (CVE-2020-1472) to obtain access to Windows Active Directory (AD) servers for Privilege Escalation within the network.
More recently, the APT actor enumerated and exploited a Fortinet VPN vulnerability (CVE-2018-13379) for Initial Access.
This actor continues to exploit a Citrix Directory Traversal Bug (CVE-2019-19781) and a Microsoft Exchange remote code execution flaw (CVE-2020-0688).
The APT actor scanned for vulnerable Citrix and Microsoft Exchange services and identified vulnerable systems, likely for future exploitation. This actor continues to exploit a Citrix Directory Traversal Bug (CVE-2019-19781).
19 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.
135 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Listed as associated with exploitation of CVE-2019-11510; not attributed to the infrastructure activity investigated in this article.
Annotation-only mention; no actor-specific operation or behavior is described.
Listed as an annotation to a renamed-Python-binary detection; no actor-specific campaign or behavior is described.
Referenced only as an annotated actor associated with the detection technique.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.