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APT39 is an Iranian threat group also known as Chafer, Burgundy Sandstorm, Cadelle, ITG07, and Remix Kitten. Its targets include air transportation organizations and government entities, including those in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The group gains initial access through spearphishing links, malicious email attachments, and SQL injection against public-facing applications. It also uses stolen credentials to compromise Outlook Web Access. APT39 has deployed ANTAK and ASPXSpy web shells and maintained persistence through Startup folders, scheduled tasks, newly created local accounts, and Remote Desktop Protocol access. It uses RDP for lateral movement, sometimes employing rdpwinst to manage multiple sessions. APT39 conducts credential theft using Mimikatz, Windows Credential Editor, ProcDump, and SmartFTP Password Decryptor. It has customized Mimikatz and PLINK and used NBTscan and custom utilities to discover remote systems. Its malware drops and decrypts encrypted CAB archives, while WinRAR and 7-Zip are used to compress stolen data.
Who, where, and from where this actor operates. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
53 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt.
39 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
34 additional families tracked in Mallory.
9 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 9 of them exploited in the wild.
3 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.
82 indicators attributed to this actor. Values are masked here and available in full in Mallory.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.