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China🇨🇳 CN16 malware familiesExploits CVEs in the wild

APT5

Also known asAPT5ATG48AurigaBackdoor-DPDBottleBRONZE FLEETWOODCOVENANTCYSERVICEKEYHOLE PANDAMANGANESEMulberry TyphoonRed HorusRed NagatabctengTG-2754UNC2630

APT5 is a Chinese threat actor. The provided content explicitly describes it as a Chinese hacking collective, and reporting cited in the content says the group conducting related attacks may be working for the Chinese government. Known aliases in the provided material include ATG48, Auriga, Backdoor_DPD, Bottle, Bronze Fleetwood, Covenant, Cyservice, Keyhole Panda, Manganese, Mulberry Typhoon, Red Horus, Red Naga, TABCTENG, TG_2754, and UNC2630. The content links APT5 to intrusions involving Pulse Secure VPN appliances and cloud environments. It modified legitimate Pulse Secure VPN binaries and scripts, including DSUpgrade.pm, to install the ATRIUM web shell for persistence. It also used the CLEANPULSE utility to insert command-line strings into targeted processes to alter functionality and suppress certain log events, and used THINBLOOD to clear SSL VPN log files under /home/runtime/logs. Additional defense-evasion behavior in the content includes modifying file timestamps and deleting scripts and web shells. Operationally, the content states that APT5 staged data on compromised systems prior to exfiltration, often in C:\Users\Public, and at times named exfiltration archives to mimic Windows Updates using KB<digits>.zip-style filenames. It used cmd.exe, PowerShell, and Windows utilities including tasklist.exe on compromised systems, moved laterally via RDP, and accessed Microsoft M365 cloud environments using stolen credentials. Targeting described in the supporting content includes government agencies, defense companies, financial institutions, and organizations in the defense industrial sector in the US and Europe in connection with Pulse Secure exploitation activity.

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OPERATIONAL PROFILE

Targeting

Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.

Where they're from

Attributed origin per open-source reporting.

  • CN
MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

43 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

13 of 15 tactics62 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0043
Reconnaissance
1 technique
T1592
Gather Victim Host Information
TA0042
Resource Development
1 technique
T1608×2
Stage Capabilities
T1608.001
Upload Malware
T1608.002
Upload Tool
TA0001
Initial Access
4 techniques
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004×6
Cloud Accounts
T1133×2
External Remote Services
T1190×16
Exploit Public-Facing Application
T1195
Supply Chain Compromise
TA0002
Execution
5 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1053.003
Cron
T1059
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.001×8
PowerShell
T1059.003×3
Windows Command Shell
T1129
Shared Modules
T1203
Exploitation for Client Execution
T1574×2
Hijack Execution Flow
TA0003
Persistence
8 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1053.003
Cron
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004×6
Cloud Accounts
T1098
Account Manipulation
T1133×2
External Remote Services
T1136×2
Create Account
T1136.001×3
Local Account
T1505
Server Software Component
T1505.003×6
Web Shell
T1505.004
IIS Components
T1546
Event Triggered Execution
T1556
Modify Authentication Process
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
5 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1053.003
Cron
T1055×3
Process Injection
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004×6
Cloud Accounts
T1098
Account Manipulation
T1546
Event Triggered Execution
TA0005
Stealth
6 techniques
T1027
Obfuscated Files or Information
T1027.005
Indicator Removal from Tools
T1036
Masquerading
T1055×3
Process Injection
T1070×7
Indicator Removal
T1070.001
Clear Windows Event Logs
T1070.004×6
File Deletion
T1070.006
Timestomp
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004×6
Cloud Accounts
T1574×2
Hijack Execution Flow
TA0112
Defense Impairment
1 technique
T1556
Modify Authentication Process
TA0006
Credential Access
3 techniques
T1003
OS Credential Dumping
T1556
Modify Authentication Process
T1621
Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation
TA0007
Discovery
3 techniques
T1012
Query Registry
T1057
Process Discovery
T1518
Software Discovery
TA0008
Lateral Movement
1 technique
T1021
Remote Services
T1021.001×2
Remote Desktop Protocol
T1021.004
SSH
TA0009
Collection
3 techniques
T1074
Data Staged
T1213
Data from Information Repositories
T1560
Archive Collected Data
TA0011
Command and Control
1 technique
T1572
Protocol Tunneling
WEAPONIZED

Associated vulnerabilities

11 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 11 of them exploited in the wild.

CVE-2021-22893Authentication Bypass RCE in Pulse Connect SecureIn the wildEvidence3

"...newly discovered critical zero-day authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2021-22893) that is currently being exploited in the wild and for which there is no patch available yet." ... "Ivanti ... has released temporary mitigations to address the arbitrary file execution vulnerability (CVE-2021-22893, CVSS score: 10)"

CVE-2022-27518Unauthenticated RCE in Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway SAMLIn the wildEvidence2

On Tuesday, December 13, a joint announcement from the United States NSA and Citrix announced a zero-day vulnerability in Citrix ADC. The vulnerability (CVE-2022-27518) is a critical unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) issue currently rated as CVSS 9.8. Patches are already available from Citrix. The NSA attributes the zero-day to APT5, a Chinese hacking collective.

CVE-2025-9491Microsoft Windows LNK File UI Misrepresentation Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityIn the wildEvidence2

This detection identifies instances where Windows Explorer.exe spawns PowerShell or cmd.exe processes, particularly focusing on executions initiated by LNK files. This behavior is associated with the ZDI-CAN-25373 Windows shortcut zero-day vulnerability, where specially crafted LNK files are used to trigger malicious code execution through cmd.exe or powershell.exe. This technique has been actively exploited by multiple APT groups in targeted attacks through both HTTP and SMB delivery methods.

CVE-2019-11510Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure Arbitrary File Read VulnerabilityIn the wildEvidence1

"By exploiting multiple Pulse Secure VPN weaknesses (CVE-2019-11510, CVE-2020-8260, CVE-2020-8243, and CVE-2021-22893), UNC2630 is said to have harvested login credentials..." ... "...advisory, warning businesses of active exploitation of five publicly known vulnerabilities by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), including CVE-2019-11510..."

CVE-2021-31207Post-auth arbitrary file write in Microsoft Exchange Server (ProxyShell)In the wildEvidence1

This analytic identifies potential exploitation attempts of ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) and ProxyNotShell (CVE-2022-41040, CVE-2022-41082) vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange Server.

6 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.

IOCS

Observables

17 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: sector and geo overlap with your footprint, the IOCs they’re burning right now, detection coverage, and what to do next.
Target overlap

Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.

Tradecraft mapping43

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal16

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs11

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables17

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.