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UNC2428 is an Iran-nexus threat actor associated with cyber espionage activity targeting Israel. In October 2024, the group conducted a job-themed social engineering campaign that impersonated an Israeli defense contractor in order to lure victims into installing malware. The operation delivered the MURKYTOUR backdoor through a deceptive installer that presented a graphical interface to collect applicant information while covertly deploying malware and establishing persistent access on victim systems. The intrusion chain also used a launcher component to execute the backdoor in the background, reflecting an emphasis on user deception and stealth. Activity attributed to UNC2428 has been assessed to overlap with operations linked to Black Shadow, an Iranian threat actor believed to operate on behalf of the Ministry of Intelligence and Security. The targeting and tradecraft are consistent with broader Iranian intelligence collection efforts directed at Israeli organizations and individuals. UNC2428’s observed methods center on social engineering for initial access, malware deployment for persistence and post-compromise access, and defense-evasion through disguising malicious tooling as legitimate software.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
1 malware family attributed to this actor across reporting.
2 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Iran-aligned espionage actor delivering MURKYTOUR backdoor via job-themed social engineering targeting Israel.
UNC2428 is an Iran-aligned threat actor conducting cyber espionage operations, notably using job-themed social engineering campaigns to deliver malware to Israeli targets.
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Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
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CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
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