PteroBox
PteroBox is a PowerShell file stealer attributed to the Russia-aligned Gamaredon threat actor, also tracked as Primitive Bear, UNC530, and Aqua Blizzard. It was discovered in November 2024 and was reported as a new Gamaredon tool introduced during the group’s cyberespionage operations targeting Ukraine, particularly governmental and military or broader governmental institutions. The malware closely resembles PteroPSDoor but is distinguished by exfiltrating stolen files to Dropbox via the Dropbox API. Reported behavior includes uploading files to Dropbox, with at least one newer variant using the rclone utility for that exfiltration. ESET reported that PteroBox used WMI event subscriptions to detect newly inserted USB drives and tracked stolen files to avoid redundant uploads. High-confidence context links PteroBox to Gamaredon’s broader espionage activity in support of Russian interests in the war against Ukraine.
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Groups observed using it
1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.
At the same time, PteroBox continued to upload files to Dropbox, and one newer variant used the rclone utility to do so.
Techniques & procedures
3 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.
Execution
1 technique
Execution
Persistence
1 technique
Persistence
Privilege Escalation
1 technique
Privilege Escalation
Exfiltration
1 technique
Exfiltration
The file stealers PteroVDoor and PteroPSDoor were upgraded to support exfiltration to cloud storage services (Wasabi, Tebi, and Intercolo), which became the primary exfiltration method... PteroBox continued to upload files to Dropbox, and one newer variant used the rclone utility to do so.
Recent activity
7 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
A tool used to upload stolen files to Dropbox; a newer variant used rclone for exfiltration.
PowerShell file stealer that exfiltrates stolen files to Dropbox.
A PowerShell file stealer that monitors for newly inserted USB drives via WMI event subscriptions and exfiltrates selected files to Dropbox while tracking uploads to avoid redundancy.
File stealer malware leveraging Dropbox for exfiltration, introduced by Gamaredon targeting Ukraine.
The version that knows your environment.
Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.
Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.
CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.
Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.