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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 4 actors

Raccoon Stealer

Raccoon Stealer is a malware-as-a-service information stealer for Windows that is widely referenced as a common commodity infostealer. The provided content describes it stealing passwords, cookies, autocomplete data, and browser history from popular web browsers, and being used to obtain login credentials and other data from compromised systems. It fingerprints infected hosts by querying the Windows Registry key HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\MachineGuid and collects the device locale via GetUserDefaultLocaleName to check for the string "ru," although analyzed samples reportedly took no action when that locale was present. The malware uses existing HTTP-based command-and-control channels for exfiltration. Reported distribution vectors in the content include phishing, botnets sending phishing emails, Discord CDN abuse, and SEO-poisoned or cracked-software websites operating as a dropper-as-a-service network. Sophos reporting cited in the content links a 2021 Raccoon Stealer campaign to websites advertising cracked software that also delivered other malware families. The malware is repeatedly associated with credential-theft operations and broader intrusion activity: Push Security listed Raccoon Stealer among the infostealers used in the Snowflake-related campaign to obtain credential pairs; Group-IB described Raccoon as the most-used malware in large-scale password theft attacks by Russian-speaking cybercriminal groups in 2022; and Scattered Spider has been reported using Raccoon Stealer, including via phishing, to steal credentials, cookies, and browser data. The content also notes Microsoft Defender Antivirus detection naming such as Trojan:Win32/Raccoon.AD!MTB.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

4 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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Scattered Spider

Scattered Spider retrieves browser histories via infostealer malware such as Raccoon Stealer.

via mitre attack websiteattack.mitre.org
Void Blizzard

"Threat actors then use information-stealing malware, such as Raccoon Stealer and Redline, to acquire credentials and session tokens from the victim’s browser."

via recorded future blogrecordedfuture.com
Storm-0501

"Threat actors then use information-stealing malware, such as Raccoon Stealer and Redline, to acquire credentials and session tokens from the victim’s browser."

via recorded future blogrecordedfuture.com
Curious Serpens

"Threat actors then use information-stealing malware, such as Raccoon Stealer and Redline, to acquire credentials and session tokens from the victim’s browser."

via recorded future blogrecordedfuture.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

29 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Reconnaissance

1 technique
T1592Gather Victim Host InformationEvidence1

Volt Typhoon has obtained the victim's system current location.

T1586Compromise AccountsEvidence1

Selon Group-IB, les cybercriminels s’appuient également sur ... la prise de contrôle de médias sociaux pour disséminer les logiciels malveillants.

T1608.006SEO PoisoningEvidence1

All of these networks use search engine optimization to put a “bait” webpage on the first page of results for search engine queries seeking “crack” versions of a variety of software products.

Initial Access

3 techniques
T1189Drive-by CompromiseEvidence3

Des premiers opérateurs sont chargés de diriger du trafic web vers des sites usurpant l’identité d’entreprises connues, pour convaincre les victimes de télécharger des fichiers malveillants.

T1195Supply Chain CompromiseEvidence1

Raccoon Stealer has been distributed through cracked software downloads.

T1566PhishingEvidence2

Scattered Spider’s powerful initial access tactics ... include phone calls, SMS phishing, email phishing, MFA fatigue attacks, and SIM swapping. The domains used for email and SMS phishing abuse the Okta and Zoho ServiceDesk brands combined with the target’s name to make them appear legitimate.

Execution

4 techniques
T1129Shared ModulesEvidence1
TacticExecution

It downloads 7 legitimate third-party DLLs from the C2 server, using GET requests, in the following order: sqlite3.dll freebl3.dll mozglue.dll msvcp40.dll nss3.dll softokn3.dll vcruntime140.dll

T1204User ExecutionEvidence1
TacticExecution

The download was a .zip archive file named after the alleged “cracked” product sought by the target.

T1204.001Malicious LinkEvidence1
TacticExecution

Les cybercriminels intègrent par exemple des liens permettant de télécharger des malwares dans des critiques de jeux populaires ou dans des loteries sur les médias sociaux.

T1204.002Malicious FileEvidence2
TacticExecution

Completing the download resulted in the delivery of a malware payload.

Stealth

7 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence2
TacticStealth

The content repeatedly describes payloads, strings, configuration files, scripts, URLs, and binaries being obfuscated or encoded using Base64, XOR, RC4, AES, RSA, hex encoding, custom algorithms, and other methods across many malware families and threat actors.

T1027.013Encrypted/Encoded FileEvidence1
TacticStealth

Examples throughout the content include 'encrypted payloads decrypted and executed in memory,' 'encrypts its configuration file,' 'AES-encrypted resource,' 'RC4 encrypted embedded scripts,' and 'payload includes an encrypted main component.'

T1036MasqueradingEvidence3
TacticStealth

Des sites usurpant le nom d’entreprises connues ... pour convaincre les victimes de télécharger des fichiers malveillants.

T1070.004File DeletionEvidence4
TacticStealth

The content repeatedly describes threat actors and malware deleting files, tools, scripts, logs, droppers, staged data, and artifacts from compromised systems to cover tracks, remove evidence, or self-delete.

T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationEvidence3
TacticStealth

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors decoding, decrypting, or deobfuscating payloads, strings, configuration data, commands, and C2 traffic prior to execution or use, e.g., 'APT28 macro uses the command certutil -decode to decode contents of a .txt file storing the base64 encoded payload' and 'Action RAT can use Base64 to decode actor-controlled C2 server communications.'

T1497Virtualization/Sandbox EvasionEvidence1

The strings in the real second-stage dropper includes a number of anti-analysis checks, looking for virtual machine artifacts, tools used for web traffic analysis, and other sandboxing tools.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

DarkGate queries system locale information during execution. Later versions of DarkGate query GetSystemDefaultLCID for locale information to determine if the malware is executing in Russian-speaking countries.

Credential Access

4 techniques
T1539Steal Web Session CookieEvidence3

Grandoreiro can steal cookie data and credentials from Google Chrome... Kimsuky has used browser extensions including Google Chrome to steal passwords and cookies from browsers.

T1555Credentials from Password StoresEvidence2

Une fois les victimes infectées, les cybercriminels peuvent avoir accès aux mots de passe ... Group-IB recommande ... de ne pas enregistrer ses mots de passe dans son navigateur.

T1555.003Credentials from Web BrowsersEvidence1

The content repeatedly describes threat actors and malware stealing usernames, passwords, cookies, session tokens, and other saved credentials from web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Edge, Opera, Safari, and Yandex.

T1649Steal or Forge Authentication CertificatesEvidence1

their only post being about troubleshooting a credential checker that they were using to validate credentials they stole.

Discovery

6 techniques
T1012Query RegistryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors querying, enumerating, searching, reading, or checking Windows Registry keys and values, e.g., "ADVSTORESHELL can enumerate registry keys," "APT41 queried registry values to determine items such as configured RDP ports and network configurations," and "Reg may be used to gather details from the Windows Registry of a local or remote system at the command-line interface."

T1033System Owner/User DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors collecting usernames, identifying logged-in users, running whoami/query user/quser, checking admin status, and enumerating user sessions.

T1082System Information DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors collecting host details such as OS version, hostname, architecture, CPU, memory, BIOS, domain, language, and other configuration data; e.g., "APT41 uses multiple built-in commands such as systeminfo and net config Workstation to enumerate victim system basic configuration information."

T1217Browser Information DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

APT38 has collected browser bookmark information to learn more about compromised hosts, obtain personal information about users, and acquire details about internal network resources.

T1497Virtualization/Sandbox EvasionEvidence1

The strings in the real second-stage dropper includes a number of anti-analysis checks, looking for virtual machine artifacts, tools used for web traffic analysis, and other sandboxing tools.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

DarkGate queries system locale information during execution. Later versions of DarkGate query GetSystemDefaultLCID for locale information to determine if the malware is executing in Russian-speaking countries.

Collection

1 technique
T1005Data from Local SystemEvidence2

The content repeatedly describes threat actors and malware collecting, stealing, identifying, copying, or staging files, documents, credentials, logs, databases, and other information from compromised hosts or local systems.

T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence3

The content repeatedly describes threat actors, malware, and campaigns using HTTP and/or HTTPS for command and control, including examples such as BlackEnergy communicating with C2 over HTTP POST requests and many other families using HTTP/S for C2.

T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence2

Meanwhile, the real second-stage installer is calling home to retrieve yet another payload.

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1041Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelEvidence3

ADVSTORESHELL exfiltrates data over the same channel used for C2... Agrius exfiltrated staged data using tools such as Putty and WinSCP, communicating with command and control servers... numerous malware and groups sent victim data, files, credentials, or host information over existing C2 channels.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

12 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Network
8 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
1 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

Other
3 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
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domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app5 months ago
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uri●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app5 months ago
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ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

73 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

codebyNews
May 25, 2026
Identity-based атаки APT 2026: detection и hardening

Инфостилер для кражи учётных данных; в материале указан среди семейств, использованных для получения credentials в кампании против Snowflake.

Read more
breakglass intelNews
Apr 20, 2026
Needle: Inside a Previously Undocumented Crimeware Platform Hidden Behind a Phorpiex Worm - With Wallet Drainers for 8 Blockchains, a Private Monero Mining Pool, and 960 Million Credential Servings - Breakglass Intelligence - Breakglass Intelligence

Raccoon is referenced as a commercial stealer used as a capability benchmark for Needle.

Read more
breakglass intelNews
Mar 12, 2026
StealC v2 "GodGuest" Build: Following a Copyright String Through Three Years of Bulletproof Hosting, Shell Companies, and a Developer Who Signs His Work - Breakglass Intelligence - Breakglass Intelligence

Referenced as part of the stealer lineage from which Vidar evolved and which is cited in relation to StealC's lineage.

Read more
infosec writeupsNews
Feb 22, 2026
How Domain Enumeration, Content Discovery, Leaked Secrets, and Service URLs Converge into Actionable Attack Paths | by Dzianis Skliar | Feb, 2026 | InfoSec Write-ups

Information-stealing malware used to harvest browser-stored credentials, session cookies, autofill data, and local files; stolen data is packaged into logs and sold on underground markets/Telegram, enabling follow-on account compromise and initial access.

Read more
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IOC matching12

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution4

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping29

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.