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MalwareUsed by 3 actors

PingPull

PingPull is a remote access trojan (RAT) used by GALLIUM, also referred to in the provided content as Alloy Taurus and associated with Operation Soft Cell/Softcell. Unit 42 reported it as a difficult-to-detect tool and linked its use to GALLIUM activity targeting telecommunications, government, and finance sectors. Additional reporting in the content states GALLIUM historically targeted telecommunications providers and later expanded to financial institutions and government entities, with observed victim or targeting links across Afghanistan, Australia, Belgium, Cambodia, Malaysia, Mozambique, the Philippines, Russia, and Vietnam.

The malware supports command and control over multiple protocols, including ICMP, HTTP(S), and raw TCP; other content also notes ICMP or TCP variants and HTTPS over port 8080. Its C2 traffic can be Base64-encoded, and Unit 42 reported that tasking and responses use AES-CBC encryption plus Base64 encoding. PingPull can execute commands via cmd.exe and provide reverse-shell-like access. It can collect data from a compromised host, perform file and directory discovery, and supports file-system operations including listing directories, reading, writing, deleting, copying, and moving files, creating directories, and timestomping files. The content also states it can exfiltrate stolen victim data through its C2 channel.

For persistence and evasion, PingPull can install itself as a Windows service and masquerade as legitimate services. Reported examples include mimicking the IP Helper service with names/descriptions such as iphlpsvc, IP Helper, Iph1psvc, IP He1per, and Onedrive. ATT&CK-style mappings in the content associate PingPull with web protocols, Windows Command Shell, Windows Service, Encoding/Decoding, Encrypted Channel, Exfiltration Over C2 Channel, Timestomp, Non-Standard Port, masquerading as tasks/services, and system/network discovery.

The content also notes a Linux variant of PingPull attributed to Alloy Taurus/GALLIUM. Known infrastructure and sample details directly mentioned include a sample named ServerMannger.exe with SHA256 de14f22c88e552b61c62ab28d27a617fb8c0737350ca7c631de5680850282761, configured to contact t1.hinitial[.]com, with related hinitial[.]com subdomains including t1, v2, v3, v4, and v5, and an associated X.509 certificate SHA1 76efd8ef3f64059820d937fa87acf9369775ecd5.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

3 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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GALLIUM

GALLIUM Expands Targeting Across Telecommunications, Government and Finance Sectors With New PingPull Tool.

via tidal cyberapp.tidalcyber.com
Softcell

Unit 42 recently identified a new, difficult-to-detect remote access trojan named PingPull being used by GALLIUM, an advanced persistent threat (APT) group.

via palo alto networks unit 42 blogunit42.paloaltonetworks.com
Operation Soft Cell

After a brief hiatus, the Alloy Taurus APT (aka Gallium or Operation Soft Cell) is back on the scene, with a new Linux variant of its PingPull malware.

via reversing labs blogreversinglabs.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

17 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Execution

1 technique
T1059.003Windows Command ShellEvidence3
TacticExecution

Many entries explicitly state malware 'can create a reverse shell' or 'launch a remote shell,' including 4H RAT, AuditCred, BLACKCOFFEE, Carbanak, DarkComet, Exaramel for Windows, PlugX, QuasarRAT, and ZxShell. | The content repeatedly describes use of cmd.exe, cmd /c, Windows command shell, and xp_cmdshell to execute commands, run payloads, launch binaries, perform reconnaissance, persistence, cleanup, and ransomware actions. Examples include: 'Sandworm Team used the xp_cmdshell command in MS-SQL', 'APT41 used cmd.exe /c to execute commands on remote machines', and many malware families 'can use cmd.exe to execute commands on a compromised host.'

Persistence

1 technique
T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence2

“Sandworm Team used an arbitrary system service to load at system boot for persistence for Industroyer… replaced the ImagePath registry value of a Windows service with a new backdoor binary… [multiple groups/malware] creating a service / installing as a service / modifying service configurations for persistence.”

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence2

“Sandworm Team used an arbitrary system service to load at system boot for persistence for Industroyer… replaced the ImagePath registry value of a Windows service with a new backdoor binary… [multiple groups/malware] creating a service / installing as a service / modifying service configurations for persistence.”

Stealth

3 techniques
T1036.004Masquerade Task or ServiceEvidence1
TacticStealth
T1070.006TimestompEvidence2
TacticStealth

APT28 has performed timestomping on victim files. APT29 has used timestomping to alter the Standard Information timestamps on their web shells to match other files in the same directory. APT32 has used scheduled task raw XML with a backdated timestamp... APT38 has modified data timestamps to mimic files that are in the same folder on a compromised host.

T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationEvidence4
TacticStealth

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors decoding, decrypting, or deobfuscating payloads, strings, configuration data, commands, and C2 traffic prior to execution or use, e.g., 'APT28 macro uses the command certutil -decode to decode contents of a .txt file storing the base64 encoded payload' and 'Action RAT can use Base64 to decode actor-controlled C2 server communications.'

Discovery

3 techniques
T1016System Network Configuration DiscoveryEvidence3
TacticDiscovery

The content repeatedly describes actors and malware using commands and APIs such as ipconfig /all, ifconfig, arp -a, route print, netsh interface show, GetAdaptersInfo, and GetIpNetTable to gather IP addresses, MAC addresses, DNS, DHCP, gateways, routing tables, ARP cache, proxy settings, and network adapter/interface details.

T1082System Information DiscoveryEvidence5
TacticDiscovery

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors collecting host details such as OS version, hostname, architecture, CPU, memory, BIOS, domain, language, and other configuration data; e.g., "APT41 uses multiple built-in commands such as systeminfo and net config Workstation to enumerate victim system basic configuration information."

T1083File and Directory DiscoveryEvidence3
TacticDiscovery

“3PARA RAT has a command to retrieve metadata for files on disk as well as a command to list the current working directory… admin@338 actors used… dir c:\ >> %temp%\download … APT28 has used Forfiles to locate PDF, Excel, and Word documents…”

Collection

1 technique
T1005Data from Local SystemEvidence3

The content repeatedly describes threat actors and malware collecting, stealing, identifying, copying, or staging files, documents, credentials, logs, databases, and other information from compromised hosts or local systems.

T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence3

The content repeatedly describes threat actors, malware, and campaigns using HTTP and/or HTTPS for command and control, including examples such as BlackEnergy communicating with C2 over HTTP POST requests and many other families using HTTP/S for C2.

T1095Non-Application Layer ProtocolEvidence2

"Anchor has used ICMP in C2 communications." / "COATHANGER uses ICMP for transmitting configuration information..." / "PHOREAL communicates via ICMP for C2." / "Regin ... can use ICMP to communicate between infected computers." / "Cobalt Strike can be configured to use TCP, ICMP, and UDP for C2 communications."

T1132Data EncodingEvidence2

C2 traffic from ADVSTORESHELL is encrypted, then encoded with Base64 encoding... APT19 HTTP malware variant used Base64 to encode communications to the C2 server... APT33 has used base64 to encode command and control traffic.

T1132.001Standard EncodingEvidence1
T1219Remote Access ToolsEvidence1

4H RAT has the capability to create a remote shell. AuditCred can open a reverse shell on the system to execute commands. PlugX allows actors to spawn a reverse shell on a victim. QuasarRAT can launch a remote shell to execute commands on the victim’s machine.

T1571Non-Standard PortEvidence1
T1573.001Symmetric CryptographyEvidence1

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1041Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelEvidence3

ADVSTORESHELL exfiltrates data over the same channel used for C2... Agrius exfiltrated staged data using tools such as Putty and WinSCP, communicating with command and control servers... numerous malware and groups sent victim data, files, credentials, or host information over existing C2 channels.

What this page doesn’t show

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IOC matching

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Threat actor attribution3

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping17

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.