High

SQL Injection RCE in QNAP Hyper Data Protector

IdentifiersCVE-2025-59389CWE-89· Improper Neutralization of Special…

CVE-2025-59389 is an SQL injection vulnerability in QNAP Hyper Data Protector. Available supporting content indicates the flaw exists in the Hyper Data Protector Plugin's query_original_file_size method, where a user-supplied string is not properly validated before being incorporated into an SQL query. This improper neutralization enables an attacker to manipulate backend SQL execution and, in demonstrated exploitation, pivot from SQL injection to arbitrary code or command execution. ZDI reporting further states the issue was demonstrated against a QNAP TS-453E installation and that successful exploitation can result in code execution in the context of root. QNAP states the issue affects Hyper Data Protector and fixed it in version 2.2.4.1 and later.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation can allow a remote or network-adjacent attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands on the affected system. Supporting content indicates the demonstrated outcome was arbitrary code execution as root on affected QNAP TS-453E / Hyper Data Protector installations. As a result, the vulnerability can lead to full compromise of the appliance or application context, including loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and may enable follow-on actions such as data access, system manipulation, persistence, or service disruption.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

If immediate patching is not possible, restrict access to Hyper Data Protector management and application interfaces to trusted administrative networks only, preferably via VPN or dedicated management segments. Do not expose the service to untrusted or broad network segments. Apply network segmentation, IP allowlisting, and monitoring/detection controls for SQL injection attempts against Hyper Data Protector web or API endpoints. Because some reporting indicates authentication may be bypassable in practice, mitigation should not rely solely on access control at the application layer.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Upgrade QNAP Hyper Data Protector to version 2.2.4.1 or later. QNAP identifies 2.2.4.1 and later as containing the fix for CVE-2025-59389. Where applicable, follow QNAP advisory QSA-25-48 and ensure the affected plugin/application is fully updated on the target platform.

PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.

VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType

QNAP SystemsHyper Data Protectorapplication

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

11 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

11 SOURCESView more in app

security affairsNews

Mar 23, 2026

QNAP fixed four vulnerabilities demonstrated at Pwn2Own Ireland 2025

A QNAP vulnerability affecting Hyper Data Protector, referenced as one of the zero-day vulnerabilities patched after Pwn2Own Ireland 2025.

cvefeed high severityNews

Jan 2, 2026

CVE-2025-59389 - Hyper Data Protector

A high-severity SQL injection vulnerability in Hyper Data Protector that allows remote attackers to execute unauthorized code or commands. The issue is fixed in version 2.2.4.1 and later.

securityaffairsNews

Nov 10, 2025

QNAP fixed multiple zero-days in its software demonstrated at Pwn2Own 2025

A zero-day vulnerability in QNAP Hyper Data Protector, demonstrated at Pwn2Own 2025 and patched by QNAP.

bleeping computerNews

Nov 7, 2025

QNAP fixes seven NAS zero-day flaws exploited at Pwn2Own

A zero-day vulnerability in QNAP's Hyper Data Protector, exploited during Pwn2Own Ireland 2025.

+1 more in the timeline

What this page doesn’t show

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Exposure mapping

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Threat actor evidence

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity5