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CVE-2025-40034 is a Linux kernel flaw in the PCI Advanced Error Reporting (AER) subsystem. The vulnerability arises in aer_ratelimit(), which failed to verify that the PCI device's AER state structure was present before accessing it. In scenarios where platform firmware reports PCIe error information to the operating system through mechanisms such as ACPI APEI GHES, the reported device may not advertise an AER Capability. For such devices, dev->aer_info is NULL. Although pci_dev_aer_stats_incr() already handled this condition safely, aer_ratelimit() did not, allowing a NULL pointer dereference during error processing. The issue can be triggered when corrected hardware error records reference a device identified as a PCIe Root Port but lacking AER capability data, causing the kernel to fault while attempting to ratelimit or print AER events.
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