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China23 malware familiesExploits CVEs in the wild

Lotus Blossom

Also known asAPT30Bilbugbillbugbronze_elginDRAGONFISHg0030LOTUS PANDAlotus_blossomlotus_blossom_aptLotusBlossomRADIUMRaspberry TyphoonSpring DragonThrip

Lotus Blossom is a China-attributed threat actor. The provided aliases include APT30, Bilbug/Billbug, Bronze Elgin, Dragonfish, G0030, LotusBlossom, Lotus Panda, Radium, Raspberry Typhoon, Spring Dragon, and Thrip. Microsoft maps Lotus Blossom/APT30/Radium to Raspberry Typhoon. Based on the provided content, Lotus Blossom has conducted spearphishing operations using malicious DOC attachments and relied on users to execute malicious file attachments delivered via spearphishing emails. The group has exploited Microsoft Office vulnerabilities including CVE-2012-0158 and CVE-2017-11882, with reporting that Thrip/Lotus Blossom most recently exploited both in November 2022. Observed tradecraft in the content includes use of PowerShell to download payloads, traverse compromised networks, and conduct reconnaissance; use of Ping to identify remote systems; use of port scanners to enumerate services on remote hosts; use of the publicly available HTran tool to proxy traffic in victim environments; installation of tools such as Sagerunex by writing them to the Windows registry; local staging of compressed and archived data for follow-on exfiltration; and use of tools such as Mimikatz and PsExec.

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OPERATIONAL PROFILE

Targeting

Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.

Who they target

Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.

  • Banks
  • Financial Services
  • Insurance
MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

57 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

15 of 15 tactics71 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0043
Reconnaissance
1 technique
T1595
Active Scanning
TA0042
Resource Development
3 techniques
T1585
Establish Accounts
T1588
Obtain Capabilities
T1588.002×2
Tool
T1608
Stage Capabilities
T1608.004
Drive-by Target
TA0001
Initial Access
4 techniques
T1078×2
Valid Accounts
T1190
Exploit Public-Facing Application
T1195×3
Supply Chain Compromise
T1195.001×2
Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools
T1195.002×3
Compromise Software Supply Chain
T1566
Phishing
T1566.001×4
Spearphishing Attachment
TA0002
Execution
5 techniques
T1059×3
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.001×11
PowerShell
T1059.003
Windows Command Shell
T1129
Shared Modules
T1203
Exploitation for Client Execution
T1204
User Execution
T1204.002×5
Malicious File
T1574
Hijack Execution Flow
T1574.001
DLL
TA0003
Persistence
3 techniques
T1078×2
Valid Accounts
T1112×5
Modify Registry
T1543
Create or Modify System Process
T1543.003×2
Windows Service
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
2 techniques
T1078×2
Valid Accounts
T1543
Create or Modify System Process
T1543.003×2
Windows Service
TA0005
Stealth
9 techniques
T1027
Obfuscated Files or Information
T1036
Masquerading
T1070
Indicator Removal
T1078×2
Valid Accounts
T1140
Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
T1218
System Binary Proxy Execution
T1564
Hide Artifacts
T1564.006
Run Virtual Instance
T1574
Hijack Execution Flow
T1574.001
DLL
T1620
Reflective Code Loading
TA0112
Defense Impairment
1 technique
T1112×5
Modify Registry
TA0006
Credential Access
2 techniques
T1003×3
OS Credential Dumping
T1539×2
Steal Web Session Cookie
TA0007
Discovery
11 techniques
T1012
Query Registry
T1016
System Network Configuration Discovery
T1018×2
Remote System Discovery
T1033
System Owner/User Discovery
T1046
Network Service Discovery
T1049
System Network Connections Discovery
T1057×2
Process Discovery
T1082
System Information Discovery
T1083
File and Directory Discovery
T1087
Account Discovery
T1518
Software Discovery
TA0008
Lateral Movement
2 techniques
T1021×2
Remote Services
T1021.002
SMB/Windows Admin Shares
T1570
Lateral Tool Transfer
TA0009
Collection
2 techniques
T1074
Data Staged
T1560×2
Archive Collected Data
TA0011
Command and Control
3 techniques
T1071
Application Layer Protocol
T1071.001
Web Protocols
T1090
Proxy
T1090.001
Internal Proxy
T1090.002×2
External Proxy
T1090.003
Multi-hop Proxy
T1105×5
Ingress Tool Transfer
TA0010
Exfiltration
3 techniques
T1041
Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
T1048
Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
T1567
Exfiltration Over Web Service
TA0040
Impact
1 technique
T1565
Data Manipulation
T1565.001
Stored Data Manipulation
ARSENAL

Associated malware families

23 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.

18 additional families tracked in Mallory.

WEAPONIZED

Associated vulnerabilities

12 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 12 of them exploited in the wild.

CVE-2025-15556Notepad++ WinGUp updater download of code without integrity checkIn the wildEvidence7

Lotus Blossom, a suspected China state-sponsored threat actor, exploited CVE-2025-15556 to hijack Notepad++'s update channel and deliver a Cobalt Strike Beacon and the Chrysalis backdoor.

CVE-2012-0158MSCOMCTL.OCX ListView/TreeView ActiveX Remote Code ExecutionIn the wildEvidence2

The same analysis from CSW found that a critical buffer overflow vulnerability in the ListView/TreeView ActiveX controls used by Office documents (CVE-2012-0158) ... are being exploited by 23 APT groups, including most recently by the Thrip APT group (Lotus Blossom/BitterBug), in November 2022.

CVE-2017-11882Microsoft Office Equation Editor Remote Code ExecutionIn the wildEvidence2

The same analysis from CSW found that ... a high-severity memory corruption issue in Microsoft Office (CVE-2017-11882) are being exploited by 23 APT groups, including most recently by the Thrip APT group (Lotus Blossom/BitterBug), in November 2022.

CVE-2025-9491Microsoft Windows LNK File UI Misrepresentation Remote Code Execution VulnerabilityIn the wildEvidence2

This detection identifies instances where Windows Explorer.exe spawns PowerShell or cmd.exe processes, particularly focusing on executions initiated by LNK files. This behavior is associated with the ZDI-CAN-25373 Windows shortcut zero-day vulnerability, where specially crafted LNK files are used to trigger malicious code execution through cmd.exe or powershell.exe. This technique has been actively exploited by multiple APT groups in targeted attacks through both HTTP and SMB delivery methods.

CVE-2009-4324Adobe Reader and Acrobat Doc.media.newPlayer Use-After-Free RCEIn the wildEvidence1

CVE-2009-4324 and CVE-2010-0188: Legacy Adobe Reader and Acrobat vulnerabilities exploited during the group’s initial detection phase...

7 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.

IOCS

Observables

47 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: sector and geo overlap with your footprint, the IOCs they’re burning right now, detection coverage, and what to do next.
Target overlap

Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.

Tradecraft mapping57

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal23

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs12

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables47

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.