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CURIUM is an Iranian state-sponsored cyber-espionage actor assessed as affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. It is commonly tracked as Tortoiseshell, TA456, Mirage Kitten, UNC1549, Nimbus Manticore, Imperial Kitten, Yellow Liderc, and Crimson Sandstorm. Active since at least 2018, the actor has primarily targeted defense, aerospace, military, and information-technology organizations, especially in the United States and the Middle East, with reported activity against UK and other European targets. It has conducted long-running, persona-based social-engineering operations, including fake recruiter and job-opportunity lures, credential phishing, malicious document delivery, compromised websites, and supply-chain-oriented targeting of defense subcontractors and subsidiaries. Its tooling includes remote-access backdoors, reconnaissance implants, keystroke loggers, reverse SSH and WebSocket tunneling utilities, and the TWOSTROKE- and NightLedger-associated backdoors. Observed capabilities include host and network discovery, command execution, file transfer and theft, in-memory DLL execution, persistence, and encrypted web-based command-and-control. The actor has also used DLL search-order hijacking, runtime string encryption, masquerading, and artifact deletion to evade detection.
Mallory correlates actor tradecraft and target patterns against your stack, your sector, and your geography. See overlap before they land.
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
45 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
21 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
16 additional families tracked in Mallory.
92 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Iranian state-sponsored espionage actor targeting defense, aerospace, IT-service, and military organizations. The group uses reverse SSH tunnels and the TWOSTROKE backdoor to maintain command-and-control access, execute commands and DLLs, transfer files, conduct host and directory discovery, and exfiltrate data.
Iranian IRGC-affiliated espionage actor expanding operational infrastructure across Europe and the Middle East and deploying an SSH-tunneling tool and a TWOSTROKE-like C++ backdoor for reconnaissance, command execution, file transfer, and data exfiltration.
Iranian-linked cyber-espionage activity cluster active since at least July 2018. It primarily targets defense and aerospace sectors, IT providers, and military organizations in the Middle East and the United States, and continues to develop SSH-tunneling and backdoor capabilities for persistent access.
A threat-activity cluster identified as associated with Nimbus Manticore in this reference.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.