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MalwareUsed by 3 actors

Tsundere

Tsundere is a Node.js-based botnet/RAT malware family targeting Windows systems. It is delivered via fake or phony MSI installers that install Node.js and legitimate libraries, then execute JavaScript payloads. Reported functionality includes establishing persistence, arbitrary JavaScript code execution on infected hosts, receiving attacker-supplied JavaScript over a WebSocket-based command-and-control channel, filesystem and OS command execution, and data exfiltration. Multiple reports describe its use of blockchain-based C2 resolution: Tsundere or closely related variants use Ethereum/EtherHiding logic to retrieve or refresh C2 server details before validating the address and establishing a WebSocket connection, enabling infrastructure rotation and resilience.

The malware has been referred to as Tsundere and also as DinDoor/Dindoor in some reporting. Check Point assessed DinDoor as a new variant of the MuddyWater-linked Tsundere botnet. JUMPSEC reported that a PowerShell loader delivered Tsundere alongside other TAG-150/CastleRAT platform components, and eSentire/Atos-linked reporting noted Tsundere samples with EtherHiding logic and code commonalities with EtherRAT. Tsundere has been associated in reporting with Iranian state-linked activity, particularly MuddyWater/APT34, although other reporting noted attribution is not conclusive and suggested possible Russian-speaking development based on similarities to a prior Russian npm campaign. One report also stated Tsundere shared infrastructure with the 123 Stealer C2 panel.

Observed infection chains include malicious MSI installers and PowerShell-based loaders. One Hunt.io-referenced case described a malicious file used to establish persistence and deploy Tsundere, and another noted communications with 185.236.25.119:3001; that IP was flagged due to logins to Tsundere botnet panels on ports 80 and 3000. High-confidence behavioral details directly mentioned in the source include Windows targeting, Node.js runtime use, WebSocket C2, blockchain/Ethereum-based C2 discovery, persistence establishment, and execution of arbitrary JavaScript code.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

3 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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MuddyWater

In these intrusions, the group used a previously unseen backdoor called DinDoor, which is a new variant of the MuddyWater-linked Tsundere botnet, according to Check Point.

via register securitytheregister.com
OilRig

During the engagement, TRU found on that server a malicious file with functionality to establish persistence and deploy the Tsundere botnet malware, which also integrates the “EtherHiding” C2 resolution logic.

via the hacker newsthehackernews.com
GrayBravo

The same PowerShell loader has also been found to deliver a botnet malware referred to as Tsundere (aka Dindoor). According to JUMPSEC, both ChainShell and Tsundere are separate TAG-150 platform components that are deployed along with CastleRAT.

via the hacker newsthehackernews.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

11 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Resource Development

1 technique
T1608.006SEO PoisoningEvidence1

The attack begins with SEO poisoning on various search engines, including Bing, Yahoo, DuckDuckGo, and Yandex. That ensures that malicious results for niche IT terms rank at the top of search results.

Execution

4 techniques
T1059Command and Scripting InterpreterEvidence1

In these intrusions, the group used a previously unseen backdoor called DinDoor, which is a new variant of the MuddyWater-linked Tsundere botnet, according to Check Point.

T1059.001PowerShellEvidence1

Central to the operations is a PowerShell deployer ("reset.ps1") that deploys a previously undocumented JavaScript-based malware called ChainShell...

T1059.007JavaScriptEvidence1

This malware is a multi-stage, fileless-style Remote Access Trojan (RAT) written in JavaScript... and an AsyncFunction constructor engine for arbitrary remote code execution.

T1204.002Malicious FileEvidence1

Once the malicious MSI is executed, the malware does not reach out to a hardcoded domain or IP address, which could be easily blocklisted.

Persistence

1 technique
T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence1

Additionally, it creates persistence via the registry Run key.

Privilege Escalation

1 technique
T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence1

Additionally, it creates persistence via the registry Run key.

Stealth

2 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence1

All strings inside the file - including server addresses and API names - are encrypted, making static analysis difficult.

T1036MasqueradingEvidence1

By distributing malicious MSI installers disguised as tools like PsExec, AzCopy, Sysmon, LAPS, and Kusto Explorer, the adversary performs automated victim profiling.

Command and Control

3 techniques
T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence2

Central to the operations is a PowerShell deployer ("reset.ps1") that deploys a previously undocumented JavaScript-based malware called ChainShell, which then contacts a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain to retrieve a C2 address and use it to fetch next-stage JavaScript code for execution on compromised hosts.

T1219Remote Access ToolsEvidence1

Commands from the attacker arrive as JavaScript code and are executed directly inside the running Node.js process, giving the attacker full access to the file system, the ability to run any OS command, and the ability to exfiltrate data

T1568Dynamic ResolutionEvidence1

Rather than hardcoding a server address directly... the attacker stores the address inside an Ethereum smart contract on the blockchain. RAT queries nine public Ethereum API services in parallel and picks the answer that the majority return.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

1 indicator attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

View more in app
Other
1 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
uri●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app5 months ago
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IOC matching1

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution3

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping11

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.